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Course Goal
Course Outline
Construction Fatalities By
Occupation1
Total fatalities 774
146
Foundation, Structure, Exterior
89
Roofing
71
Site preparation
68
Highway, Street, Bridge
67
Utility Contractors
59
Electrical 57
Plumbing, HVAC 37
Painting, wall covering
1 BLS,2010
12
Conventional Construction
Design professionals
prepare plans and
specifications so that
the finished building
complies with the
building code.
13
Conventional Construction
Why Is It Necessary?
Where do Design
Professionals Fit?
Considering safety issues related to the
construction and maintenance of the
permanent facility and addressing them
during the design stage
Project Schedule
1
R. Szymberski, Construction Project Safety Planning TAPPI Journal, 1997.
23
DfCS Methodology
24
Step #1
Identify/Anticipate
Potential Hazards
25
Recognized Hazards
27
Recognized Hazards -
Sources
Industry
ANSI Standards
ASTM
NFPA
National Safety Council
MSHA
SAE
NIOSH
US Army Corps of Engineers
ACI
29
Recognized Hazards -
Sources
Government
Regulations
OSHA 1910 General Industry
OSHA 1926 Construction
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
30
Hidden Hazards
31
Underground utilities
Electrical wire buried in a wall
Asbestos
Rot/Decay of structural members
Gas lines
Any hazard uncovered during project
execution
32
What If Analysis
33
space?
What about the power lines? Will equipment be operating near power
lines?
What about worker/public injury from traffic accidents? Do trucks
road
What if worker attempts to manually pick up drain covers? Are they
Fatal Facts
39
Fatal Facts
40
Step #2
Serious-Permanent or nonreversible
injury that severely impact enjoyment of
life and may require continued treatment
42
Step #3
Apply Hierarchy of
Controls
47
Hierarchy of Controls
Ref: Peterson JE , 1973. Principles for controlling the occupational environment. The industrial
environmentits evaluation and control. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS
(NIOSH), p 117.
48
DfCS Template
Practical Practical All Practical
Controls
Significant To Eliminate To Isolate Steps to Minimize
Source: www.bls.gov/new.release/pdf/cfoi.pdf
51
Consider Parapets
A parapet that can function
as a perimeter guard also
eliminates the need to
provide temporary fall
protection for construction
and maintenance activities
on the roof thus reducing
total costs over the building
life cycle.
53
Skylights
Specify products that can
withstand the live load
associated with a construction or
maintenance worker
inadvertently stepping on or
falling on a skylight.
An alternative approach is
to specify that guards or
screens designed to handle these
loads be attached over each
skylight
55
Skylights
Floor Openings/Open-Sided
Floors
Anticipate materials
that may be stored
on a roof during
construction. Specify
roof structure to
support the dead
load of construction
materials.
61
Segmented
Bridge sections
65
1926.1053 Ladders
Designers should
consider specifying
fixed ladders or
stairways whenever
possible. This would
eliminate the need for
a portable ladder when
1926.1053 Ladders
1026.451 Scaffolding
Gantry systems can
be designed to
maintain atriums and
skylights
1026.451 Scaffolding
1926.21(b)(6) Confined
Spaces
Try to avoid
designing
confined spaces
70
1926.21(b)(6) Confined
Spaces
So that a workers
life does not
depend on
confined space
entry permit
71
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS:
1926.55 Fumes
1926.652 Excavations
Design underground
utilities to be placed
using trenchless
technology
76
1926.652 Excavations
Consider specifying
lightweight concrete
block whenever
structurally feasible
83
Positioning equipment
at least 15 feet back
from the roof edge will
reduce the risk of
falling when installing
and servicing the
equipment
85
Specify quieter
equipment and/or
noise control in
mechanical rooms
so that hearing
conservation
Programs will not be
required
87
Specify Arc
Resistant
Switchgear
Floyd, H. (2011) Progress in impacting policy in workplace safety NIOSH PtD conference , 2011 .
89
Instead of this.
Course Summary
OSHA Resources
93