VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELGAUM-590014

Seminar On
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
Submitted
by

MAHENDRA
USN 1MJ13ME073
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
near ITPL CHANNASANDRA,BANGALORE 560067
2016-2017
 What is CRDI ?
CRDI stands for Common Rail Direct Injection.

Direct injection of the fuel into the cylinders of an

engine via a single, common line, called the common
rail which is connected to all the fuel injectors.
Instead of providing separate piston pumps for fuel
supply, the common rail alone supplies high pressure
fuel to each cylinder.
 The Technology

Whereas ordinary diesel direct fuel-injection systems have to build up

pressure anew for each and every injection cycle, CRDI engines
maintain constant pressure regardless of the injection sequence.
This pressure then remains permanently available throughout the fuel
line.
The electronic control unit (ECU) modifies injection pressure
precisely as needed, based on data obtained from sensors on the cam
and crankshafts. ie compression and injection occur independently of
each other.
This technique allows fuel to be injected as needed, saving fuel and
lowering emissions.
Common Rail System Overview
Layout of a typical CRDI system
 Differences between DI and CRDI

Constant pressure regardless of the injection sequence.

Fuel is supplied directly to a common rail from where it is

injected directly onto the cylinder head.

High Pressure of about (1600 bar) , Improved pulverization

Electronic engine management system continually adjusts the peak

fuel pressure according to engine speed and throttle position

Compression and injection occur independently of each other

 ECU/ECM is a type of
electronic control unit
that controls a series of
actuators on an IC engine
to ensure optimal engine
performance.
Electronic Control Unit
ECU monitors Engine variables such as:

Temperature
intake pressure
RPM
air mass intake
demand for power (from accelerator)
provides real time control
modifies injection pressure precisely as needed , based on
data obtained from cam and crankshaft.
Electronic Fuel Injector
Electromagnet moves the plunger
- opening rapid solenoid valve
Injector pulse width controlled by
ECU
 CRDI - Future Trends

Ultra-high pressure common-rail injection (1800 bar) generating

ideal swirl in the combustion chamber allowing the air/fuel
mixture to form a perfect uniform combustion and greatly reduced
NOx emissions
CRDi and Particle Filter - To reduce particle emissions from
exhaust
CRDi and closed-loop control injection - Using ion sensor to
provide real-time combustion data for each cylinder such as
temperature and pressure
PARTICLE FILTER

Porous silicon
carbide unit
Decreases
Particle
emissions
Trapped
particles burnt
up into CO2
and water
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
OF CRDI S
Reduced noise and
vibration Increased Cost due to
Reduced smoke , high pressure pump and
particulates and exhaust electronic control unit
Increased fuel economy
Technology cannot be
Higher power output employed in ordinary
even at lower rpm engines
 CONCLUSION

Cuts fuel consumption by 20%

Doubles torque at low engine speeds
Increases power by 25%.
It also brings a significant reduction in the noise and vibrations
of conventional diesel engines.
In emission, greenhouse gases (CO2) is reduced by 20%. At a
constant level of NOx, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are reduced
by 40%, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) by 50%, and particle emissions
by 60%.
CRDI principle not only lowers fuel consumption and emissions
possible; it also offers improved comfort and is quieter than modern
pre-combustion engines. Common-rail engines are thus clearly
superior to ordinary motors using either direct or indirect fuel-
injection systems.
CASE STUDY
1.International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
S Karthik1, K Sairahul1, N Logesh1, K.Guru Prasad1, D.Gopinath2
U.G Student, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

In this case study converting 2.6L Diesel engine to CRDI was considered. Original
2.6L engine was DI Diesel TCIC (Turbo Charged Intercooled) with Rotary FIE
system.

Rotary FIE CRDI system

Fig : FIE system technology
CRDI system consists of High pressure pump, Common rail, Injectors, and engine
equipped ECU control.
The main purpose of this development program was to achieve the BS3 emission
without after treatment devices and EGR. The presented work documented the
development of low cost and high efficient diesel engine which meets BS3emission.
2.The Impact of Common Rail Systems Control Parameters on the Performance of Diesel
Tan Xu-Guang1, Sang Hai-Lang1, QIU Tao2, Fan Zhi-Qiang3, Yin
Wen-Hui3

The effect of common rail systems injection timing and rail pressure
on diesels fuel economy and emission characteristics has been studied
through tests.
 With rail pressure increased, a continuous decline of smoke appears
Higher injection pressure makes spray particles more exiguous, enlarges the
interface between fuel and air, and shortens the evaporation time.
The experimental results show that with the rail pressure increasing, fuel
economy and smoke are improving, while NOx is deteriorating.
Under the low and middle load, if injection pressure is high enough, NOx and
smoke will reduce at the same time due to the decline of combustion
temperature with the delay of injection angle.
VEHICLES USING CRDI SYSTEM
Pioneering new generation CRDi
engines in India
3 Cylinder 1.5 litre and 4 cylinder 2 litre
engines

81 bhp and 187 NM max torque at 2700

rpm , max 4000 rpm

5 speed gear box , 0 100 in 13 sec , max

speed 170 km/hr

26.2 kmpl in highway , 12 kmpl town riding

THANK YOU