Design of rectangular

combined footing:
 Combined footing:
Whenever two or more columns in a straight line are carried on a single
spread footing, it is called a combined footing. Isolated footings for each
column are generally the economical.
The aim is to get uniform pressure distribution under the footing. For this
the center of gravity of the footing area should coincide with the center of
gravity of the combined loads of the two columns.
Combined footings are used in the following situations:
When the columns are very near to each other so that their footings
overlap.
When the bearing capacity of the soil is less, requiring more area under
individual footing
When the end column is near a property line so that its footing can not
spread in that direction.
 Types of combined footing:
Rectangular combined footing:

Trapezoidal combined footing:

 Case study:
Outer column to interior column:

Interior column to interior column:

Design steps:
1- Find result location(x):
m@col1:
x=(Q1*s+mom)/ (R)
2- selecting the length to make the soil pressure uniform
L= (S+.c1)*2
A=(R/qall)
B=A/L
3- Convert the loads to Ultimate Loads:
U=1.2*D.L+1.6*L.L
4-Draw shear force and bending mom diagram:
find the ultimate soil pressure per unit length(qu) kn/m
v(x)=qu*(x-c1)+qu*c1-u1
m(x)=qu*((x-c1)^2)/2+qu*c1*(x-.5*c1)-u1*(x-c1)
m(max) at v=0
5- Find the thickness of footing:

A- wide beam:
Calculate:
Vb=Vu(max)-qu(kn/m)*(d+.5*amax)
Vc=*.17* *b*d
then: Vb=Vc
d=(Vmax-qult*,5*amax)/(*.17*b* +qult)
B- Punching Shear:
calculate punching shear for each col:
V = Pcol-Psoil
pcol=u1
psoil=qult(kn/m2)*(a+d/2)(b+d)
V=u1-qult*a*b-qult*(a+.5*b)*d-qult*(.5)*d^2
Find Vc from three equation:
1- Vc=*.17*(1+2/)* *bo*d
V= Vc, find d
2- Vc=.083**(s*d/bo)+2)* *bo*d
s=30(for exterior col)
s=40(for interior col)
V= Vc
find,d
3- Vc= *.33* *bo*d
V= Vc Exterior column
find ,d
bo*d=2*(a+b)*d+2*d^2 for exterior col
bo*d=2*(a+b)*d+3*d^2 for interior col
Use maximum depth from:
1- wide beam
2- punching shear for col 1,2

Interior column
Moment and Reinforcement:
m=fy/(.85*fc)
=(1/m)*(1-)
checking with:
min=.25*
min=
max=.85***.428
=.85. If fc<28
=.85-
As=*b*d
find spacing:
s=
checking with:
smin=25
smax1=380*(
smax2=300*(
Design of Dowels:
1- find A1
2- A2=A1
3-find pd
pd=*.85*fc*A1*
4- As=.005*Ag
5- As=
use As max

thickness of footing:
H=d+dbar+.5*dbar+cover