Types of Virtualization

CPU virtualization
CPUvirtualizationinvolves a single
CPU acting as if it were two separate
CPUs. In effect, this is like running
two separate computers on a single
physical machine. Perhaps the most
common reason for doing this is to
run two different operating systems
on one machine.
 Memory Virtualization
Memory virtualizationdecouples volatilerandom access
memory(RAM) resources from individual systems in the
data centre, and then aggregates those resources into a
virtualized memory pool available to any computer.
Allotment of physical resources among all VMs
The OS responsibility is hold mappings of virtual page
number to physical page number to optimize the
performance
The guest OS continue to manage mapping between
virtual address and guest physical address
The guest OS memory does not have direct access to
machine memory
All recent X 86 contains TLB(table lookaside buffer)
Device and I/O Virtualization
Input/output(I/O) virtualizationis a methodology to
simplify management, lower costs and improve
performance ofserversin enterprise environments. I/O
virtualization environments are created by abstracting
theupper layer protocolsfrom thephysical connections.
The technology enables one physical adapter card to
appear as multiple virtualnetwork interface cards(vNICs)
andvirtualhost bus adapters(vHBAs)Virtual NICs and HBAs
function as conventional NICs andHBAs, and are designed
to be compatible with existingoperating
systems,hypervisors, and applications. To networking
resources (LANsandSANs), they appear as normal cards
 Two types
1)Software I/O virtualization
2) Hardware I/O virtualization
 Incomputer hardware, ahost
controller,host adapter, orhost
bus adapter(HBA) connects
acomputer, which acts as the host
system, to
othernetworkandstoragedevices
Fibre Channel host bus
adapter
 OS virtualization
Operating-system-level virtualizationis a
server-virtualizationmethod where
thekernelof anoperating systemallows for
multiple isolateduser-spaceinstances, instead
of just one. Such instances (sometimes
calledcontainers,software (VE),virtual
private servers(VPS), orjails) may look and
feel like a real server from the point of view of
its owners and users.
In OS virtualization the virtualization layer is
exactly between OS and application
 Network Virtualization
In computing,network
virtualizationis the process of
combining hardware and software
network resources and network
functionality into a single, software-
based administrative entity,
avirtual network. Network
virtualization involvesplatform
virtualization, often combined with
resource virtualization.
 Microsoft Virtual Serveruses virtual
machines to make a "network in a
box" forx86systems. These
containers can run different
operating systems, such asMicrosoft
Windowsor Linux, either associated
with or independent of a
specificnetwork interface
controller(NIC).
 Server Virtualization
Server virtualization is the masking of
server resources, including the number and
identity of individual physical servers,
processors, and operating systems, from
server users.
In this several VMs produced on one server
which means multiple tasks can be
assigned or allocated to one server .
This thing saves processing power, cost
and space
 Desktop virtualization
Desktop virtualization enables the use of
VMs to give permission to multiple
subscribers to preserve individual desktops
on ,centrally located computer or server.
The consumer may be distributed across
globe but they are connected through
internet connection
Two types:
1) remote desktop virtualization
2) local desktop virtualzation
 Execution of running software from a remote
server rather than on user own computer
Example:
A typical Citrix XenDesktop virtual desktop
connection takes up between 56Kbit/sec and
100Kbit/sec of network bandwidth, and can
satisfy the needs of many users by running
shared operating systems and applications on
back-end servers
Another example is microsoft virtual desktops
 Advantages:
Low cost, high degree of control over data and
applications.
Disadvantages:
Performance depends on the quality of the network
connection; display protocols often can't handle
complex graphics; some applications designed for
desktops can't run in shared mode on the server;
inflexible for end users, who can't store data locally,
use most peripherals, or move data back and forth
using thumb drives. Does not work when
disconnected.
 Application virtualization
Application virtualizationis software
technology that encapsulatesapplication
softwarefrom the underlyingoperating
systemon which it is executed. A
fullyvirtualized application is not installed
in the traditional sense,although it is still
executed as if it were.
It is also known as application portability
or application service virtualization
 Advantages:
1) Cost saving on software and OS licenses
2)Cost saving on hardware
3)Capability to handle bulky and fluctuating
volume
4)Capability to run multiple versions of application
program concurrently on a single computer
5) Enhanced system scalability and reliability
6) Easy to manage ,igrattion and upgradation of
application
7)Optimal utilization of underlying resources
 Disadvantages:
Performance depends on the quality of the
network connection; display protocols
often can't handle complex graphics;
some applications designed for desktops
can't run in shared mode on the server;
inflexible for end users, who can't store
data locally, use most peripherals, or
move data back and forth using thumb
drives. Does not work when disconnected.
Example:
Microsoft Application Virtualization (MS App-V)
platform allows applications to be deployed
("streamed") in real-time to any client from a
virtual application server. It removes the need for
traditional local installation of the applications.
With a streaming-based implementation, the App-V
client needs to be installed on the client machines
and application data that is stored on the virtual
application server is installed (streamed) to the
client cache on demand when it is first used, or
pre-installed in a local cache.