MEC 391-MECHANICAL design

BY
Prof Dr. Md. Shawkut Ali Khan
Professor Dept. of M.E
IUBAT
 STRESS AT A POINT IN A BODY

The normal stress (perpendicular to the

surface) is denoted by and shear stress
(parallel to the surface) is denoted by .
outward to the surface is considered
tensile stress and positive. into the surface
is compressive & negative.
(x)net is resolved in two components xy and
xz .
 STRESS AT A POINT IN A BODY (Continue)
The state of stress at point can be examined
by only three mutually perpendicular
surfaces.
Double subscripts are used to denote the
shear stresses.
First subscript indicates the surface and
second subscript indicates direction of shear
stress.
 STRESS AT A POINT IN A BODY (Continue)
There are total nine stress components: x , y
, z, xy , xz , yx , yz , zx and zy .
For equilibrium cross-shear are equal to each
other.
xy = yx ; xz = zx and zy = yz .
Reduces stress component from nine to six
components:
x , y , z, xy , yz and zx .
Very common state of stress occurs when
stresses on one surface are zero. When this
occurs the state of stress is called plane
stress.
Assuming the stress-free surface is the Z-
STRESS AT A POINT IN A BODY (Continue)
 PLANE STRESS TRANSFORMATION EQUATIONS

Consider an element dx dy dz is cut by an

oblique plane.
Cutting plane stress element at an arbitrary
angle and balancing stresses gives plane-
stress transformation equations.
PLANE STRESS TRANSFORMATION
EQUATIONS
Mohrs Circle
Mec -391 (mechanical design)
MOHRS CIRCLE DIAGRAM (Continue)
Example-1:

Two value of principal stress and two value of

p but how do we know which value of p
corresponds to which value of principal stress.
To find it we need to substitute value of p to
the corresponding equation.
A graphical method called Mohrs circle
diagram is very effective to find directions of
the various stress components associated with
plane stress.
Mec -391 (mechanical design)
MOHRS CIRCLE DIAGRAM (Continue)
Convention of Mohrs Circle:
A graphical method for visualizing the stress
state at a point by plotting normal stress
along X-axis and shear stress along Y-axis.
It represents relation between x, y stresses
and principal stresses 1 , 2 .
Parametric relationship between and (with
2 as parameter).
Relationship is a circle with center at C and
radius R 2
x y
R 2
xy
2
C = (, ) = [(x + y)/2, 0 ] and
Mec -391 (mechanical design)
MOHRS CIRCLE DIAGRAM (Continue)
Sign Convention of Mohrs Circle:
Normal tensile stress (x, y positive) is plotted
along positive X-axis and normal compressive
stress (x, y negative) is plotted along
negative X-axis.
Shear stress that tending to rotate the
element in clockwise (cw) is plotted along
positive Y-axis;
Shear stress that tending to rotate the
element in counterclockwise (ccw) is plotted
along negative Y-axis.
is counted along counterclockwise direction.
Mec -391 (mechanical design)
MOHRS CIRCLE DIAGRAM (Continue)
Solution:
Here,
x 80 MPa
y 0 MPa
xy 50 MPa
yx 50 MPa
2
x y
2
80 0
xy
2
R 50 2 64
2 2
x y 80 0
C ,0 ,0 40,0
2 2
1 OQ OC CQ 40 64 104 MPa
2 OP OC - CP 40 - 64 - 24 MPa
On the principle plane 0
 50 5
tan 2p
40 4
2p 51.34
p 25.67 (clockwise)

And ,2s 90 51.3 38.7

s 19.35 tan

Shear stress will be maximum and minimum of the point F & G respectively.
1 64 and 2 64
And normal stress on each plane is +40MPa. i.e 40MPa
 2 xy 100
tan 2p
x y 80
5
tan 180 tan
2p tan 1
128.66;308.66
4
tan 360 tan
p 64.33;154.33
x y x y
At , p 25.67, cos 2 xy sin 2
2 2
80 0 80 0
cos 51.34 50 sin 51.31
2 2
104.05MPa
On the principle plane = 0
 LOAD AND STRESS ANALYSIS
Plane Stress:
Plane stress is defined to be a state of stress
when the stresses ( normal and shear
stresses) on one surface is zero. For example
if the Stresses in the Z-direction will be zero
for a XY-plane then it is called plane stresses.
Plane Strain:
It is defined to be a state of strain in which the
strain in the direction normal to a plane is
assumed to be zero.
It is normally happened if dimension of the
structure in one direction say Z-direction is
large in comparison with dimensions in the
other two directions or XY-directions.