EXERGY ANALYSIS OF

RANKINE CYCLE & STPP

Thermodynamics Lab-II Project
2015-ME-05
2015-ME-06
2015-ME-07
2015-ME-08
 Introduction to Exergy
Capacity of energy to do physical
work.
The maximum useful work which can
be extracted from a system as it
comes into equilibrium with
environment.
Exergy analysis is performed not
only to quantify sources of
inefficiencies in a system but also
to indicate quality of energy
 Exergy vs Energy
ENERGY
Energy is conserved, but
not all that energy is
available to do useful
work.
Energy is not destroyed,
it changes form.
Energy is an absolute
quantity not defined in
relevance.
EXERGY
Exergy is the energy that
is available to be used.
Exergy is a measure of
energy quality.
Exergy is destroyed in
transformation
processes.
Exergy is defined relative
to the environment.
 Exergy Analysis
Exergy analysis is simply calculating
the ratio:

o First law efficiency =

Useful Energy Output Total Energy
Input
o Second law efficiency =

Min. Energy Input Actual Energy

Input
 Exergy Destruction
Equations

where

 Ideal Rankine Cycle

1-2 Isentropic compression
in pump

2-3 Isobaric heat addition

in boiler

3-4 Isentropic expansion in

turbine

4-1 Isobaric heat rejection

in condenser
Actual Rankine Cycle
 Exergy Analysis of Actual Rankine
Cycle
Process 1-2 or Component: PUMP
The above equations reduce to this
form for pump:

 Process 2-3 or Component: BOILER
The equations acquire these forms
for boiler:

 Process 3-4 or Component: TURBINE
For boiler, the equations are reduced
to the following forms:

 Process 4-1 or Component:
CONDENSER
These are the modified equations for
condenser:

 Information about Considered
Model
Total Installed Power = 396MW
At 100% load, power house is a total of
seven steam turbine units (3*33 +
4*66)MW and two gas turbines (14 +
19)MW.
Fuel: Heavy Fuel Oil
The diagram of one 66 MW is shown in
the next slide.
Steam is superheated to 793K and
9.12Mpa.
 Analysis of the Described Model
o The power plant was analyzed using the
above relations.
o The environment reference temperature

and pressure are 298.15 K and 101.3 kPa,

respectively.
o Tables of the thermodynamic properties

of water and air at indicated nodes in

figure above were used.
o Energy balance and exergy balance and

are summarized in tables below.

 Energy Balance
Thermal Efficiency of Unit = 26%
Exergy Balance
 Conclusions
As it is shown that exergy destruction rate
for boiler = 77% and for condenser= 9%.
This shows that the processes taking
place in the boiler are most irreversible.
While the processes in condenser are
closer to ideal.
The exergy efficiency of the plant is
24.8% , which is relatively low and
depicts tremendous opportunities for
improvement.