LAN Basic

Switching and Wireless

Switch Concepts and
Configuration
 Objectives
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for
100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard.
Explain the functions that enable a switch to forward
Ethernet frames in a LAN.
Configure a switch for operation in a network
designed to support voice, video, and data
transmissions.
Configure basic security on a switch that will operate
in a network designed to support voice, video, and
data transmissions.
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for 100/1000
Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard

Key elements of Ethernet/802.3 networks

Communication types reminder
Unicast to a single host address e.g. most user traffic:
http, ftp, smtp etc.
Broadcast addressed to all hosts on the network e.g.
ARP requests.
Multicast to a group of devices e.g. routers running
EIGRP, group of hosts using videoconferencing. IP
addresses have first octet in range 224 239.
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for 100/1000
Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard

Design considerations for Ethernet/802.3 networks

 Network Latency

NIC delay time taken to put signals on medium from

one end and to translate it on the other end.
Propagation delay time spent travelling on medium
Latency from intermediate devices e.g. switch or router.
Depends on number and type of devices. Routers add
more latency than switches.
 key elements of Ethernet 802.3 networks
CSMA/CD (Carrier sense multi access /
Collision detection): it is the IEEE 802.3
standard.
Carrier Sense
In CSMA/CD, all devices that have messages to
send must listen before transmitting.
If a device detects a signal from another device, it
waits before attempting to transmit.
When there is no traffic detected the device starts
transmitting its message.
While this transmission is occurring, the device
continues to listen for traffic on the LAN.
After the message is sent, the device returns to its
default listening mode.
Multi-access
If the signals of one device are not detected by a
second device, the second device may also
starts to transmit.
The media now has two devices transmitting
messages at the same time.
The messages travel across the media and once
they meet each other then a collision happens
and the messages are destroyed.

Note: CSMA/CD is only used with half-duplex communication typically

found in hubs. In full-duplex mode the collision detect circuit is
disabled.
 key elements of Ethernet 802.3 networks

Collision Detection
When a device is in listening mode, it can
detects a collision that might happens in the
media.
Jam Signal and Random Back off
When collision is detected, the transmitting
devices send out a jamming signal.
The jamming signal notifies other devices of a
collision and that they need to back off and
stop transmitting for a random amount of
time.
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to Forward Ethernet
Frames in a LAN
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Cisco IOS help facilities
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Cisco IOS commands to access the command history
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Prepare the switch to be configured
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
The basic switch configuration

console

Ethernet
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Cisco IOS commands used to disable unused ports
 Questions

Describe the operation of Ethernet as defined for

100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard.

What functions enable a switch to forward Ethernet

frames in a LAN?

How do you configure a switch for operation in a

network designed to support voice, video, and data
transmissions?
Summary
LAN Design
Process that explains how a LAN is to be
implemented
Factors to consider in LAN design include
Collision domains
Broadcast domains
Network latency
LAN segmentation
Summary
Switch forwarding methods
Store & forward used by Cisco Catalyst switches
Cut through 2 types
Fast forwarding
Cut through
Symmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that have the
same bandwidth
Asymmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that have
unlike bandwidth
Summary

CISCO IOS CLI includes the following features

Built in help
Command history/options
Switch security
Password protection
Use of SSH for remote access
Port security