PT10603

PERSONALITY AND
INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PERSONALITY (PART I)
Personality (Part I )
Definition of Personality Traits
History of Personality
Personality Traits and States
Eysencks Gigantic Three & the Biological
Basis of Personality Traits
Self-Report Inventories
Grays Personality Theory
Cattells 16PF and the Lexical Hypothesis
The Five Factor Model (Big Five)
Definition of personality
traits
Trait internal psychological dispositional that
remains largely unchanged throughout the lifespan
and determines differences between individuals.
Example : extraversion, neuroticism, and
agreeableness
Personality traits an individuals characteristic,
pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior, together
with the psychological mechanisms, hidden or not
behind those patterns.
Refer to internal and causal processes that account
for an individuals typical manifestations of behavior,
emotion, and thought in everyday life.
History Of Personality
 Four types of temperament ;
Sanguine (happy)

Related to high level of blood

Enthusiastic , positive, cheerful, satisfied

Choleric (angry)
Cause by high levels of the yellow bile, a
chemical released by the gall bladder during
digestion.
Aggressive, tense, volatile, impulsive,
restless
 Phlegmatic (calm)
Attributed to the mucus of the lungs typical
during flu or lung infections
Dull, lazy, apathetic, controlled, careful

Melancholic (depressed)
Malfunctioning of an organ called black bile

Sad, depressed, reflective and pessimistic

Eysencks trait theory of
personality
Extraversion Traits
Neuroticism Traits
Psychoticism Traits
Eysencks biological model of
personality and arousal
 This balance is regulated by ascending
reticular activating system (ARAS)
ARAS This system which is located in the
brain stem, manages the amount of
information or stimulation that the brain
receives.
This information and stimulation process is
known as arousal.
Two circuits are thought to manage arousal
within the individual the reticulo-cortical and
reticulo-limbic
 Reticulo-cortical circuit controls the cortical
arousal generated by incoming stimuli
Reticulo-limbit circuit Controls arousal to
emotional stimuli.
Eysenck proposes that extraversion-
introversion personality traits are related with
the arousal of the reticulo-cortical circuit.
Neuroticism is related with the arousal of the
reticulo-limbic circuit.
Psychoticism caused by dopamine
neurotransmitter.
Eysencks Biological Model of
Personality
Grays BAS/ BIS Theory
 Gray proposes that personality is based
on the interaction between two basic
system in the brain
Behavioral Approach System (BAS)
Comprises motivations to approach. This
system causes the individual to be sensitive to
potential rewards and seek those rewards.
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
Comprises motivations to avoid. Within this
system are those motivations that make the
individual sensitive to punishments or potential
and inclined to avoid those punishments
Gray's BAS/BIS Theory
The Relationship Between Grays
Model and Eysencks Model of
Personality and Arousal
Cartells 16PF and The Lexical
Hypothesis
 Cattells 16PF
Factor A, Warmth ( Reserved vs. Warm)
Factor B, Reasoning - (Concrete vs. Abstract)
Factor C, Emotional Stability (Reactive vs.
Emotionally Stable)
Factor E, Dominance (Deferential vs.
Dominance)
Factor F, Liveliness (Serious vs. lively)
Factor G, Rule - Consciousness (Expedient
vs. Rule-Conscious)
Factor H, Social Boldness (Shy vs. Socially
Bold)
Factor I, Sensitivity (Utilitarian vs. Sensitive)
 Factor L, Vigilance (Trusting vs. Vigilance)
Factor M, Abstractedness (Grounded/practical
vs. Abstracted/ Imaginative)
Factor N, Privateness (Forthright vs. Private)
Factor O, Apprehension (Self-Assured vs.
Apprehensive)
Factor Q1, Openness to Change (Traditional
vs. Open to Change)
Factor Q2, Self-Reliance (Group oriented vs.
Self-Reliant)
Factor Q3, Perfectionism (Tolerates Disorder
vs. Perfectionism)
Factor Q4, Tension (Relaxed vs. Tense).
 The Five Factor Model
(Big Five)
Two leading proponents are Paul Costa Jr.
and Robert McCrae
Big Five personality originated from the
lexical hypothesis.
Consist of five broad personality traits :
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism,
Conscientiousness, and Openness.
The Constituent Facets of
the Big Five Factors
Personality (Part I )
Definition of Personality Traits
History of Personality
Personality Traits and States
Eysencks Gigantic Three & the Biological
Basis of Personality Traits
Self-Report Inventories
Grays Personality Theory
Cattells 16PF and the Lexical Hypothesis
The Five Factor Model (Big Five)
Thank You