Female Perineum

FEMALE PERINEUM

The region at the inferior end of the trunk

situated between the thigh and lower
part of the buttocks
Diamond shaped bounded by:
1. Pubic symphysis
2. Ischiopubic rami
3. Ischial Tuberosities
4. Sacrotuberous ligaments
5. Inferior aspect of the sacrum and tip of
the
coccyx
 FEMALE PERINEUM
Boundaries:
Superior - pelvic diaphragm
Anterior symphysis pubis
Posterior tip of the coccyx
Lateral - ischial tuberosities
Triangles of the Perineum
 Triangles of the Perineum
1. Urogenital Triangle contains the external
genitalia and underlying erectile tissues, lower
urethra and the urogenital diaphragm

2. Anal Triangle - includes the lower end of

the anal canal surrounded by the anal
sphincter
 Perineal Body
- Considered as the central point of the perineum
which is an irregular mass containing
collagenous and elastic skeletal and smooth
muscles
- Embedded witnin the slin posterior to the
vestibule and anterior to the anus
- Contains muscle fibers from:
a. Bulbospongiosus
b. External anal sphincter
c. Superficial and deep perineal muscles
d. Muscle fibers from external urethral sphincter,
levator ani and muscular coats of the rectum
 Functions of the Perineal
Body
1. anchor the anus and rectum
2. anchors the vagina
3. maintains the urinary and fecal
incontinence
4. maintains orgasmic platform
5. prevents enlargement of the
urogenital hernia
6. serves as barrier for the vagina and
rectum
The Female Perineum
 Anal Triangle
- Bounded posteriorly by tip of the coccyx ,
ischial tuberosities and sacrotuberous
ligament laterally which is overlapped by
the gluteus maximus and anteriorly by the
vagina
- Pierced by the anal opening with the
ischiorectal fossa on both sides
- Blood supply: Inferior rectal artery
- Venous drainage; Inferior rectal vein
- Nerve supply: Inferior rectal
nerve( hemorrhoidal ) and perineal
branches of 4th sacral nerve
 Urogenital Triangle
Boundaries:
Anteriorly- pubic arch
Laterally- Ischial tuberosities
- Pierced by the :
A. vaginal opening
B. urethral opening
- Contents:
: external female genitalia
- Covered by the vulva
 Urogenital Triangle:
includes the external female genitalia and urethral
opening
covered by the vulva
has two compartments
A. Superficial Perineal Compartment
- consist of two compartment : I. Superficial Layer
II . Deep layer Colles fascia
- components: 1. Erectile bodies
2. Muscles
3. Vestibular Glands
B. Deep Perineal Compartment
 Layers of the Perineum

Superficial layers superficial transverse perineal

muscle, bulbocavernosus, ischiocavernous
 Layers of the Perineum
2. Middle layer urogenital diaphragm
sphincter urethra & deep transverse perineal muscles
 Layers of the Perineum
3. Deep layer levator ani & coccygeus muscles
Glands that secrete substances
which are located in the perineum
are:

1. Bulbourethral glands or Cowpers

Gland
2. Greater Vestibular Gland or
Bartholins Gland
 Layers of the Urogenital
Triangle

I. Inferior Portion
II. Superior Portion
--- divided by urogenital
diagphram
Pelvic Diaphragm- forms the floor of the
pelvic cavity, extending from
two ischiopubic rami and is consist of the 3
levator ani muscle:
1. Pubococcygeus
2. Iliococcygeus
3. Coccygeus

- Pierced by the vagina anteriorly and by

the anus posteriorly
Pelvic Diaphragm
UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM