MARRIAGE AND

CHAPTER SIXTEEN
FAMILY
Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a
man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the
establishment of conjugal and family life. (The New Family Code
of the Philippines, August 3, 1998)

Marriage is a socially recognized union between two or more

individuals that typically involves sexual and economic rights
and duties.
Light and Keller (1985) further elucidated their view of marriage
in the following statements:

MARRIAG
Marriage is a business partnership as much as a romantic fairy
tale; it involves compromises, division of labor, specialization,
financial arrangements, and communication systems.

E
There are two views or aspects of marriage:
First, the legal point of view that posits that marriage is a
contract. As a contract, it applies to a man and a woman who
agree to live together as husband and wife to fulfill to each other
their corresponding duties and obligations.

Second, the religious point of view posits that marriage is a

sacrament. As a sacrament, it is an inviolable bond between a
man and a woman who take each other as husband and wife
MARRIAG
and that only death can separate the spouses. It can be shown
in the aphorism, What God has put together let no man put
asunder
E
 TRADITIONAL FAMILY NONTRADITIONAL
NORMS ALTERNATIVES
Legally married
Singlehood never married
Non marital cohabitation
Remarriage
THE
MEANING
Married once
Multiple marriages
Heterosexual marriage Same sex marriage
Interfaith marriage
Endogamous marriage Interracial marriage
Interclass marriage OF
Multi-adult households
Two-adult households Communal living
Affiliated families MARRIAGE
Children Voluntary Childless
Two parents living
together
Single parent
Joint custody AND
Step families (3+ parents)
Parent as a key source
of: School
FAMILY
ISSUE
Education Churches The table presents the traditional
Religion Government-police family norms and their
Protection Clubs, professional sport corresponding non-traditional
Recreation alternatives.
TRADITIONAL FAMILY NONTRADITIONAL
NORMS ALTERNATIVES
Until death Until divorce separation
Female as provider
THE
Male as provider

Male as head or
Dual careers
Commuter marriages
Female as head
MEANING
authority
Self-supporting,
Androgynous relationships

Welfare OF
independent Social Security

Premarital chastity Pre-or non-marital intercourse

MARRIAGE
Marital exclusivity
Extra marital relationships
Sexually open marriages
AND
Intimate friendships

Until death Until divorce separation FAMILY

Female as provider
Male as provider Dual careers
Commuter marriages
ISSUE
The table presents the traditional
family norms and their
corresponding non-traditional
alternatives.
 Most traditional social norm views marriage as a sacred
phenomenon; that is, the family and marriage are divine and
holy institutions, created and maintained by God, or some
supreme being greater than human beings

A second traditional norm views the meaning of marriage and

family as centering primarily on social obligations. But rather
than the source of authority being God, authority becomes
centered on human beings as represented by the kin group,
community, church as a social institution and society in
general.
A third meaning of marriage suggests that families and the
martial relationship exist for the individual. Thus, the concern is not
with God or with society but with me. Thus, the concern is not with
God or with group, social class and education level that is my
business.
 ESSENTIAL REQUISITES FOR
MARRIAGE
The Family Code of the Philippine provides in
Art. 2: No marriage shall be valid, inless these
essential requisites are present:
Legal capacity of the contracting parties (18
yrs. Or upwards), who must be a male and a
female; and
Consent freely given in the presence of the
IMPORTANT LEGAL MATTERS ON
solemnizing officer.
 FORMAL REQUISITES OF
MARRIAGE
Art. 3. The formal requisites of marriage are:
Authority of the solemnizing officer;
A valid marriage license except in cases provided in Chapter 2 of this title;
and
A marriage ceremony which takes place with the appearance of the
contracting parties before the solemnizing officer and their personal
declaration that they take each other as husband and wife in the
presence of not less than two witnesses of legal age:

Art. 4. The absence of any of the essential or formal requisites shall render
the marriage void ab initio (void from the beginning) except as stated in
Article 35 (a).

IMPORTANT LEGAL MATTERS ON

A defect in any of the essential of formal requisites shall render the marriage
voidable as provided in Art. 45.
 ANNULMENT OF A MARRIAGE

Annulment - legal process of filing a petition in

the appropriate court seeking a judicial
declaration of making a marriage null and void
ab initio or from the beginning as if no marriage
took place. The legal effect, if petition, is
granted is that the couple can re-marry.

IMPORTANT LEGAL MATTERS ON

 ANNULMENT OF A MARRIAGE
Art. 45. Enumerates the grounds for annulment of marriage,
as follows:
One of the contracting parties is 18 yrs. of age or over but
bellow 21 and without parental consent;
Either party was of unsound mind;
Consent of either party was obtained by fraud, force, and
intimidation;
Either party was physically incapable of consummating the
marriage with the other; and
Either party was afflicted with a sexually transmissible disease
found to be serious and incurable

IMPORTANT LEGAL MATTERS ON

 LEGAL SEPARATION

Legal Separation - the legal process of filing a

petition in the appropriate court seeking a
judicial declaration of legal separation for
married couples. The legal effect, if petition is
granted, is that couples are separated from bed
and board but they cannot re-marry.

IMPORTANT LEGAL MATTERS ON

LEGAL SEPARATION
Art. 55. A petition for legal separation may be filed on any of the following
grounds:

1. Repeated physical violence or grossly

abusive conduct directed against the petitioner, a common child, or a child
of the petitioner;
2. Physical violence or moral pressure to compel the petitioner to change
religion or political affiliation;
3. Attempt of respondent to corrupt or induce the petitioner, a common
child, or a child of the petitioner, to engage in prostitution, or
connivance in such corruption or inducement;

IMPORTANT LEGAL MATTERS ON

FORMS OF MARRIAGE

According to number of spouses or mates:

1.Monogamy marriage between one man and one woman
2.Polygamy or Plural Marriages
has three forms:
a.Polygyny one husband and two or more wives.
Example: Muslim nations
b. Polyandry one wife and two or more husbands
Example: Hindu Todas of Southern India
c. Group marriage two or more husbands and two or more
wives
Examples: Kaingang of Brazil; the Diere of Austrilia; the
BASIS ON CHOOSING A MARRIAGE
PARTNER
1.Parental Selection or Arranged
Marriages
Families that have important stake
in the type of spouse their son or
daughter will take usually practice
this,
e.g, Will he or she readily adjust to
the familys code of behavior? Will he
or she share in the familys ideal and
principles? Parents select their childs
spouse who would not imperil the
customary family relationships and
practices.
BASIS ON CHOOSING A MARRIAGE
PARTNER
2. Romantic Love
Romantic love has become
an important basis for
marriage in our society. It is
the theme of most of our
popular songs, the subject of
many of our movies and
television shows, and made
active in our scores of
popular books and magazine
WHY PEOPLE
MARRY
1. Love
2. Economic security
3. Economical security
4. Parents wishes
5. Escape from loneliness
6. Common interests
7. Parenthood
8. Physical attraction
9. Compatibility
10. Marital bliss and happiness

11.Unhappy home situation

DEFINITON AND NATURE OF FAMILY
The family is the basic social institution and the primary group in the
society

Family group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption,

constituting a single household, interacting and communicating with each
other in their respective social roles of husband and wife, mother and
father, son and daughter, brother and sister, creating and maintaining a
common culture.
(Burgess & Locke, 1963)

Family group of people who are united by ties of marriage, ancestry, or

adoption and who are recognized by the community as constituting a single
household and having the responsibility for rearing children. (Light, 1985)

Family social group characterized by common residence, economic,

THEORIES OR PERSPECTIVES ON THE
FAMILY
There are three (3) theories which give unique and valuable insights into
human family life. They are as follows:

1.The functionalist Perspective

Functionalists say that if a society is to survive and
maintain itself across time, certain essential
functions must be performed. Their performance
cannot be left to chance. If they were, the society
would run the risk of disintegration. Functionalists
view institutions as the principal structures for
organizing and directing peoples activities so that
key tasks are executed.
THEORIES OR PERSPECTIVES ON THE
FAMILY
There are three (3) theories which give unique and valuable insights into
human family life. They are as follows:

1.The functionalist Perspective

Functionalists say that if a society is to survive and
maintain itself across time, certain essential
functions must be performed. Their performance
cannot be left to chance. If they were, the society
would run the risk of disintegration. Functionalists
view institutions as the principal structures for
organizing and directing peoples activities so that
key tasks are executed.
THEORIES OR PERSPECTIVES ON THE
FAMILY
There are three (3) theories which give unique and valuable insights into
human family life. They are as follows:

1.The functionalist Perspective

They consider the family to be the institution responsible for the following
functions:

2. Regulation of sexual behavior;

3. Reproduction;
4. Biological maintenance;
5. Socialization;
6. Care and protection function;
7. Social placement or group status; and
8. Social Control
THEORIES OR PERSPECTIVES ON THE
FAMILY
There are three (3) theories which give unique and valuable insights into
human family life. They are as follows:

1.The functionalist Perspective

They consider the family to be the institution responsible for the
following functions:

1. Regulation of sexual behavior;

2. Reproduction;
3. Biological maintenance;
4. Socialization;
5. Care and protection function;
6. Social placement or group status; and
7. Social Control
THEORIES OR PERSPECTIVES ON THE
FAMILY
There are three (3) theories which give unique and valuable insights into
human family life. They are as follows:

2. The conflict perspective

Conflict theorists such as Jetse Sprey (1979), agree with the

functionalists position that the family institution and other
groups in society are organized systems of species survival.
They also point that societies operate under conditions of
perpetual scarcity for most of the human resources.
THEORIES OR PERSPECTIVES ON THE
FAMILY
There are three (3) theories which give unique and valuable insights into
human family life. They are as follows:

3.The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

The symbolic interactionists direct considerable attention to the

symbolic environment in which people carry out their daily activities.
They point out that human beings differ to learn, think and
communicate symbolically (Burn et. Al, 1979)
Patterns of Family
OrganizatiOn
 Categories
Based on Internal Organization or
Membership
Based on Descent
Based on Residence
Based on Authority
 Family of Procreation

Family of Orientation Consists of:

- husband
- wife
- sons
Consists of: - daughters

- father Established through marriage

- mother
- brothers
- sisters
Which a person is born,
reared or socialized.

Based on Internal Organization or Membership

Extended Family
Is composed of two or
more nuclear families,
economically and
socially related to
each other.

-parent-children
-husband and wife (ex.
Polygynous)

Based on Internal Organization or Membership

Extended Family

Based on Internal Organization or Membership

Extended Family
Wif Son 1
e1 Son 2
Daugh
Wif ter 1
e2
Son 3
Daugh
Wif ter 2
e 3 Daugh
A Polygamous ter 3
Based on Internal Organization or Membership

Family
 Based on Descent

Implies family genealogical ties of a person with a

particular group of kinsfolk
a. Bilateral descent
b. Patrilineal descent
c. Matrilineal descent
Bilateral descent
Involves the
reckoning of
descent through
both the fathers
and mothers
families.
Based on Descent
 Patrilineal descent
Involves the
reckoning of
descent through the
fathers family only.

Based on Descent
 Matrilineal descent
Involves the
reckoning of
descent through
the mothers family
only.
Based on Descent
 Based on Authority
This refers to whom the power and decision making is
vested in the family

1.) Patriarchy
2.) Matriarchy
3.) Equalitarian or egalitarian
4.) Matricentric
 Based on Authority
1.) Patriarchy
Authority is vested upon the oldest male, usually the father
2.) Matriarchy
Authority is vested upon the mother or the mothers kin
3.) Equalitarian or egalitarian
Husband and wife exercise a more or less equal amount of
authority
4.) Matricentric
Authority is vested upon the mother due to prolonged absence of
the father
 CURRENT RESEARCH ON BIRTH
CONTROL
Polyurethane- one type of birth control currently under development.
Developing spermicide-releasing diaphragms
Biodegradable hormonal implants designed to dissolve in the body and
hormonal contraceptive infections and implants for men.
Contraceptive vaccine for men that contains a hormone that appears to
interfere with the production of both sperm and the male sex hormone
testosterone.
Vaginal rings that deliver female sex hormones for preventing pregnancy.
-would be worn continuously
-Those containing with estrogen and progestin would be worn three weeks
and then removed for one week.
 RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD
Raising a children is one of the toughest and most
fulfilling jobs in the world.
Unless parents are equipped with the right knowledge,
attitudes and abilities to cope with these challenges,
more and more kids will end up as problem kids and
burdens to society.
 CHANGES AND CHALLENGES OUR
FAMILIES FACE TODAY:
Marriages are dissolving with increasing frequency due to abandonment, separation, family
squabbles and disorganization.
Unwed motherhood and single parenthood are increasingly common.
Working mothers carrying increasing economic responsibility for their children.
The onset of the electronic age
Generation ago the parents, siblings and teacher were the most visible and powerful role
models. Now, role models come from sports, theater, film and animals made famous and visible
by the media.
Mas poverty has forced mothers and fathers to seek work here and abroad leaving very little
time for the family.
Challenge of consumerism
Rising cases of child abuse and child labor
Drug addiction, alcoholism, violence and sexual permissiveness
Sexual revolution, premarital relationships, live-in relationships, abortion, use of contraceptives,
gender liberation, materialism and extreme individualism

GENERAL RESULTS OF THESE CHANGES

AND MODERN TRENDS
Fewer positive role model relationships, less sense of community, less development of
family relationships, less sense of bonding and responsibility that results in greater disciplinary
problems, delinquency and crime.
More and more children live with just one parent, high school and college students are
working part time, kids who come home to an empty house in the afternoon. Theres no one left
give the emotional nurturing, the support, the sharing of values, the disciple and responsibility
of our nations kids.
Teen-agers report experiences of alienation, feelings of separateness and painful aloneness.
Suicides, dropouts, crime and drug abuse rates are exceedingly high. Runaways are increasing
and so is teen-age pregnancy. Working teenagers are frequently exhausted and unable to stay
awake in class.
The emphasis on being one of the beautiful people places tremendous pressure on our
youth. Unrealistic expectations are demoralizing our nations youth. Teen suicides have jumped
dramatically.
More and more families are broken and disorganized due to increasing rates of separation,
divorce, abandonment, stark poverty and family squabbles.
 THE BASIS OF BIBLICAL PARENTING
In an article, Nicanor P. Tioson wrote the following biblical tips for effective parenting:Dont be
hard on your children.
- Parents should not rule over their children with an iron fist and possess the Hey! Youre
just a kid mentality. Love, understanding and proper guidance are but some of the ingredients
of a good parent-child relationship.
Start the child on the right road.
- Start a child on the right road, and even in old age he will not leave it. (Prov. 22:6)
Discipline your children while they are young enough to learn.
- Punishments that are commensurate to the childrens misconducts will do more good than
harm.
Dont provoke your children to anger.
- Parents and children should be the best of friends. Rapport must be such that both enjoy
each others company.
Parents should provide for their children.
-Parents should provide for their childrens needs while they are still capable -- physical,
emotional, social, educational, and above all, spiritual.
 THE BASIS OF BIBLICAL PARENTING
Help children defeat the evil one in the world.
- It is the parents obligation to instill the words of God
in the minds and hearts of their children if they want
them to overcome all forms of evil.
Let children seriously take what you are telling them.
- Long life, wisdom, and right living await children who
heed parental advice or admonition.
HOW DO YOU RAISE KIDS
THESE DAYS?
(WAYS TO SUCCESSFUL
PARENTING)
 Lead your children.
Do not withhold praises, but dont be too generous
with them either.
Emphasize the childs positive rather negative
behavior.
Allow your child fight his own battle. Dont always take
up the cudgels for your child.
Create an atmosphere of peaceful home.
Be a good role model.
Treasure the time you spend with your children.
Use actions not words.
 Let children be responsible of their actions.
Withdraw from conflict.
Separate the deed from the doer. Never tell a child he
is bad. That tears at his self-esteem.
Be kind and firm at the same time.
Be consistent. Set limits and be consistent with your
discipline.
Nurture your childs self-esteem.
Make communications a priority.
Be flexible and willing to adjust your parenting style.