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WELDING (GMAW)
DEFINITION
Gas metal arc welding(GMAW), sometimes referred to by its
subtypesmetalinertgas(MIG)weldingormetalactivegas(MAG)welding,
is aweldingprocess in which an electricarc forms between a consumable
wire electrode and the workpiecemetal(s), which heats the
workpiecemetal(s), causing them to melt and join.
WHAT MUST BE CONSIDERED WHEN
SELECTING THE TYPE OF TRANSFER
Type, intensity and polarity of welding current
Electrode size
Electrode composition
Electrode extension
Shielding gas mix composition
DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSFER METHODS
In short circuit transfer, the electrode touches the work and short circuits,
causing the metal to transfer as a result of the short. This happens at a
rate of 20 to more than 200 times per second
Operates at low voltages and welding current
Small fast freezing weld puddle can be obtained from this
Can be used to join thin materials in any position, as well as thick
materials n vertical and overhead positions
SHORT CIRCUIT
A electrode is short circuited to base metals.
No arc and current is flowing through electrode
wire and base metal
B resistance increases in electrode wire
causing it to heat, melt and neck down
C electrode wire separated from weld puddle,
creating an arc. Small position of electrode
wire is deposited which forms a weld puddle
D arc length and load voltage are at
maximum. Heat of arc is flatterning the puddle
and increasing the diameter tip of electrode
E wire feed speed overcomes heat of arc and
wire approaches base metal again
F arc is off and the short circuit cycle starts
again.
GLOBULAR TRANSFER
Globular transfer means the weld metal transfer across the arc in large
droplets, usually larger than the diameter of the electrode being used.
This mode of transfer generally is used on carbon steel only and uses
100% CO2 shielding gas.
Welding current and wire speed are above maximum for short arc
Welding is most effectively done in the flat position when using globular
transfer
GLOBULAR TRANSFER
Globular transfer is often a high voltage,
high amperage, high wire feed speed
transfer.
SPRAY ARC TRANSFER
This happens when the current and the voltage settings are increased
higher than that used for globular transfer
Used on thick sections of base material, best suited for flat position due
to large weld puddle
Spatter in minimal to none
Uses 5% to 10% CO2 mix with argon or oxygen
SPRAY TRANSFER
Spray arc transfer sprays a
stream of tiny molten
droplets across the arc,
from the electrode wire to
the base metal
Spray arc transfer uses
relatively high voltage,
wire feed speed and
amperage values,
compared to short circuit
transfer.
PULSE SPRAY TRANSFER