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Logic Controllers
Third Edition
Frank D. Petruzella
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 7
Programming
Timers
Timers
There are very few industrial control systems that do not
need at least one or two timed functions. They are used to
activate or de-activate a device after a preset interval of
time.
Time delay relays and solid-state timers are used to provide a time
delay. They may have displays, pots or other means of operator
interface for time settings and electromechanical or solid state
outputs.
Operating coil
NO Nontimed contacts are
controlled directly by
Instantaneous the timer coil, as in a
contacts general-purpose
NC control relay.
10 s S1 is opened,
TD de-energizes, timing
period starts, TD1 is still
Input
On
open, L1 is still off.
Output
Off After 10 s, TD1 closes,
L1 is switched on.
Timing Diagram
1. Timers are used to activate or de-activate a
device after a preset interval of time.
(True/False)
10 s
Input
On
Off
Output
Timing Diagram
L1
10 s
a. as long as S1 is closed
b. for 10 seconds after coil TD is energized
c. for 10 seconds after coil TD is de-energized
d. both a and c
10. In the circuit shown, the light will stay on
a. as long as S1 is closed
b. as long as S1 is open
c. for 10 seconds after S1 is closed
d. both b and c
Programmed Timer Instructions
TON
Timer/Counter
TOF
Timer/Counter
RTO RES
Timer/Counter
TON
Preset time
Time base
Accumulated time Output line
The control word uses three control bits: Enable (EN) bit,
Timer-Timing (TT) bit, and Done-Bit (DN).
TIMER TABLE
T4:0
Enable bit true
EN
Allen-Bradley On-Delay Timer Instruction
The Timer-Timing (TT) bit is true whenever the
accumulated value of the timer is changing, which
means the timer is timing.
TON
TIMER ON DELAY
Timer T4:0 EN
Preset 50
Accumulated 10
T4:0
Timer-Timing bit true
TT
Allen-Bradley On-Delay Timer Instruction
The Done-Bit (DN) changes state whenever the
accumulated value reaches the preset value. Its
state depends on the type of timer being used.
TON
TIMER ON DELAY
Timer T4:0 EN
Preset 50 DN
Accumulated 10
50
T4:0
Done-bit changes state
DN
Allen-Bradley On-Delay Timer Instruction
The preset value (PRE) word is the set point of the
timer, that is, the value up to which the timer will
time.
The accumulated value (ACC) word is the value that
increments as the timer is timing. The accumulated
value will stop incrementing when its value reaches
the preset value.
TIMER TABLE
/EN /TT /DN .PRE .ACC
T4:0 0 0 0 0 0
Allen-Bradley On-Delay Timer Instruction
The information to be entered includes:
TON
TIMER ON DELAY
Timer T4:0 EN
Time base 1.0
Preset 15 DN
Accumulated 0
EN Output D Y
T4:0 Output C
TT
T4:0 Output D
DN
On-Delay Timer Program
Timing Diagram
On
Input condition A
Off
On
Timer-enable bit
Off
On
Timer-timing bit
Off
4s 4s
On
Timer-done bit
Off
Timer accumulated 0
value
On-Delay Timer Program
Timers are 3-word elements
Word
EN TT DN Internal use 0
Preset value PRE 1
Accumulated value ACC 2
Stop Start
L1 L2
1TD
1TD-1
(instantaneous M
contact)
1TD-2
(5 s)
(timed contact)
On-Delay Timer With Instantaneous Output
Programmed Circuit
Inputs Internal
Stop Start Output
relay
L1 L2
Stop
Motor M
Start Internal Motor
relay M
Timer
PR: 5
TB: 1 s Output
line
Start-Up Warning Signal Circuit
Relay Ladder Schematic Diagram
L1 Start-up Reset L2
PB1 PB2 CR1
CR1-1
1TD
CR1-2
Horn
CR1-3
1TD-1
(10 s)
Start-Up Warning Signal Circuit
Programmed Circuit
DN EN
Timed Closed Solenoid Value Program
L1 L2
Switch SW_1 TON
Timer On Delay
SW_1 EN Valve
Timer timer_1
Preset 12000 DN
Accumulated 120000
timer_1.dn Valve
Automatic Sequential Control System
L1 Start
L2
Stop PB2
Relay Ladder PB1
Lube oil OL
pump motor
Schematic
M1
Diagram
(lube oil
pressure switch) 1TD
OL
M3
1TD-1 Feed
(15 s) motor
Automatic Sequential Control System
Programmed Circuit
Ladder logic program
Inputs PB1 PB2 M1 Outputs
OL
PB1
M1
M1
PB2 OL
PS1 M2 M2
PS1
OL
M3
TON
TIMER ON DELAY EN
Timer T4:0
Time base 1.0 DN
Preset 15
Accumulated 15
0
T4:0 M3
DN
Off-Delay Programmed Timer
The off-delay timer (TOF) operation will keep the output
energized for a period after the rung containing the timer
has gone false.
S1 I:1.0/0 TOF
TIMER OFF DELAY
I:1.0/0 EN O:2.0/1 PL
TIMER T4:3
Time base 1.0 DN
Preset 15
Accumulated 0
15
T4:3/DN O:2.0/1
Off-Delay Programmed Timer
Timing Diagram
True
Input condition
S1 False
Timed period
Off delay
timed duration
True (logic 1)
5000
10000
15000
Pneumatic Off-Delay Timer
L1 L2
Relay Ladder
Schematic
Diagram
Programmed Pneumatic Off-Delay Timer
Equivalent Programmed Circuit
Ladder logic program
Input Outputs
L1 L2
5
Fluid Pumping Process
Operation
Inputs Output
L1 L2
05
Retentive Timer
A retentive timer accumulates time whenever the device
receives power, and maintains the current time should
power be removed from the device. Once the device
accumulates time equal to its preset value, the contacts of
the device change state. The retentive timer must be
intentionally reset with a separate signal for the
accumulated time to be reset.
Electromechnical Retentive Timer
Once power is applied, the motor
starts turning the cam. The
Cam operated positioning of the lobes determines
contact the time it takes to activate the
contacts. If power is removed from
Motor-driven the motor, the shaft stops but does
cam not reset.
Retentive On-Delay Timer Program
The PLC-programmed RETENTIVE ON-DELAY timer
(RTO) operates in the same way as the nonretentive on-
delay timer (TON), with one major exception. This is a
retentive timer reset (RTR) instruction.
Unlike the TON, the RTO
will hold its accumulated
value when the timer rung
goes false and will continue
timing where it left off when
the timer rung goes true
again. This timer must be
Same address accompanied by a timer reset
(RES) instruction to reset the
accumulated value of the
timer to zero.
Retentive On-Delay Timer Program
039
Retentive On-Delay Timing Chart
Enable bit is reset when
input pushbutton PB1 is
opened
Accum = Preset
Accum value retained
when rung goes false
60000
0
10
0
15
10800
Cascading Timers
The programming of two or more timers together is
called cascading. Timers may be interconnected, or
cascaded to satisfy any required control logic.
Relay Schematic
Diagram
20000
2000
0
Annunciator Flasher Circuit
Two timers can be interconnected to form an oscillator
circuit. The oscillator logic is basically a timing circuit
programmed to generate periodic output pulses of any
duration. They can be used as part of an annunciator
system to indicate an alarm condition.
30000
12000
Control of Traffic Lights in One Direction
30
25
5
11. The timed contact of a PLC timer can only
be used as a normally-open contact. (True/False)
a. preset
b. set point
c. Done Time (DN)
d. accumulated time
17. The timer reset instruction must be addressed
to the same address as the ______ instruction.
a. TON
b. TOF
c. RTO
d. EN
18. Which of the following statements is not
true for a retentive on-delay timer?
a. The timer accumulates time when it is
energized.
b.The timer requires a reset instruction to
reset the accumulated value of the timer to
zero.
c. The timer does not reset to zero when it is
de-energized.
d. The reset input to the timer will not
override the control input.
19. The timer instruction is:
a. an input instruction c. either a or b
b. an output instruction d. both a or b
a. on at all times
b. off at all times
c. switched on 15 s after the switch has been actuated
from the open to the closed position
d. switched off 15 s after the switch has been actuated
from the on to off position