PARASITES

CAUSED
ANEMIA

By
Sri Sundari
 Seorang laki-laki, berusia 35 tahun
datang ke Puskesmas karena merasa
cepat lelah. Gejala ini sudah dirasakan
sejak 2 minggu yang lalu. Pasien tidak
merasa panas tetapi sering merasa
kedinginan. Pasien sering merasa deg-
degan. Gejala yang lain selain yang
dirasakan pasien di atas tidak ada.
 What do you think about his condition ?
1. infection
2. alergy
3. degeneration
4. malignancy
5. congenital
Aditional information
History taking
Physical examination
Laboratory or an other examination
INFECTION
Parasite
Microorganism (Virus, bacteria, Rickettia
etc)
Fungi
Parasite Infection
Helminth (Trichuris thrichiura, Hook
worm)
Intestinal Protozoa (Amubiasis,
Giardiasis, Balantidiasis)
Blood Protozoa (Malaria)
Task
Repeat the learning material in the
block of Alimentary System ( Intestinal
Protozoa and helminth)
MALARIA
caused by Plasmodium
4 types of malaria :

1. Tropica malaria
2. Benign Tertiana malaria
3. ovale malaria
4. Quartan malaria
Malaria
 Pathophysiology of anemia
Multifactorial, increased lysis, excess removal of
uninfected RBC accounts for 90% of loss.
These may be mediated by oxidative stress, enhanced
senescence, & impaired deformability of RBC.
There is impaired bone marrow responses.
Release of TNF- impairs production of erythropoietin,
decreased responsiveness of erythroid progenitor cells
to adequate EPO, and increased erythrophagocytic
activity.
Normochromic & normocytic anemia with poor reticulocyte
resp.
If microcytic, often due to thalassemia and iron deficiency.
DIAGNOSE
Gold standart : Blood smear (thick and
thin) mycroscope
TREATMENT
Chloroquine
Fancidar (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine)
Mefloquine
Malarone (atavaquone-proguanil)
ACT, (artemisinin combination therapies)
But dont forget
Doxycycline, quinine