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Contents
Design considerations
Valve Flow
Valve Sizing, Timing & Lift
Breathing Efficiency is
Torque & Power
Volumetric Efficiency
Torque
Breathing Optimisation
Poppet Valves (as used in 4 stroke engines) are very poor flow
devices
During the valve lift cycle the flow streams detach from the surfaces
due to boundary layer build up
Valve Mass Flow can be estimated from steady flow equations and
through the use of a flow efficiency coefficient (or discharge
coefficent) Cd
1
2
1
2
p01 Ae 2 p2 p2
2
m 1
a01 1 p01 p01
Ae Ar DLv
cd
Ar
Note Ar = curtain flow area (could be port area)
Valve Flow Efficiency
Flow Loss Coefficients defined as the ratio between the actual mass
flow and the loss-free isentropic mass flow for the same stagnation
pressure and the same pressure ratio
IVO EVC
IVC EVO
Valve Lift