Lateral Pile Response

During Earthquakes
By Takaaki Kagawa and Leland M. Kraft, Jr., Members, ASCE

Selda DURMAZ
Soil Structure Interaction
May,2017
2 Content
Introduction
Analytical model
Linear p-y Relationship
Nonlinear p-y Relationship with Pore Pressure in Free Field
Pore Pressure Generation Model
Analysis Procedure
Result
Conclusion

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

3 Introduction
Problem
Cyclic loading
Saturated sands
Pore water pressure build up
Liquefaction

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

4 Introduction
Natural frequency of soil-pile system decreases
Vibration amplitudes of pile increases
Large pile movements
Superstructure may collapse

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

5 Introduction
Present Methods
Foundation spring method
Beam on Winkler foundation
Elastic solution
Finite element method

Need
A reliable method to predict the pile behaviour that can follow pore
pressure build up during cyclic loading

Aim
To describe a non-linear numerical method for soil-pile-structure
interaction in saturated sands
Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17
6 Analytical Model
Superstructure is lumped mass
Pile is discretized into segments
Connections are beams with lateral freedoms
Free-field soil connections
are spring and dashpot
Excitations is provided by
free-field soil displacements

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

 Linear p-y Relationship
7
Soil reaction (p), at any depth on a unit pile length

p E s 1 y 2 s B Vp Vs
~ dy
dt

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

 Nonlinear p-y Relationship with Pore
8 Pressure in Free Field
Nonlinear stress strain behaviour incorporation with hysteretic curves

G max F
1 y

r fB

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

 Pore Pressure Generation Model
9
The change in the normalized effective stress

r
u m
_
v,0
Backbone curve equation is modified

(1 r ) 0.5 G max F
r
Relation between pore pressure and strain

/ _
2

v

u _
u
_
d _ A n N f _ _
v / _
v v
1 v



v
Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17
 Analysis Procedure
10
Pore pressure build up Stress-strain alteration Effective stress
variation
P1
1 r 0 .5
G max F( )
1 y
_ ~
2 f B 1 fB
Nonlinear free field analysis _
Nonlinear soil-pile-structure
Nonlinear site response analysis 1
analysis, Iterative calculation for ,
SRANG NONSPS
Nonlinear stress-strain At each step calculations are
relationship, repeated for
Hyperbolic method Soil pile spring coefficient,
Pore pressure around the pile,
Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17
Soil constant,
 Results
11
Performance of proposed method,
Comparison of previous studies,
Reasonable degree of agreement

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

 Results
12

Performance of proposed method

Shaking table test on a model

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

 Conclusion
13
Pore pressure build-up is included
Stress-strain alterations are included with backbone curve
Suitable for seismic assessment of off-shore and on-shore pile-
supported structures on saturated sand
Applicable for nonlinear seismic p-y relationship
Validations of proposed method are in a good agreement with
previous studies
More studies are required to clarify the pore pressure response

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17

14

Thank you.

Lateral Pile Response During Earthquake 6/15/17