Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Biomaterials
in
Orthodontics
Contents
Introduction
Structures and properties of materials
Orthodontic wires
Orthodontic brackets
Etching agents, Adhesive resins & Cements
Elastomeric ligatures & Chains
Impression materials
Prophylactic agents
& Miscellaneous
Introduction
Knowledge of fundamental principles
governing the relationship between
composition, structure and properties is central
to an understanding of orthodontic materials.
Because wide array of metallic, ceramic and
polymeric materials are used in the profession,
and new materials are continuously being
introduced. It is essential that the scientific
basis for selection and proper use of materials
for clinical practice be thoroughly understood
Structure
and
properties of materials
Metals
Stainless steel:
F. Huaptmeyer in 1919
These family of steels contain more than 12% of
chromium which owes for its success
Relatively high Chromium content in SS favors the
stability of BCC unit cells of ferrite
Ni, Cu, Mn, N favors an FCC structure of austenite
Other additives are
- carbon, Silica, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Manganese
Heat treatment of these stainless, which promotes the
precipitation of some elements added.
Stainless steels are classified
according to the American Iron and
Steel Institute
Various steels are:
Duplex steel
It consists of an assembly of both austenite and ferrite grains. They
also contain molybdenum and chromium and lower nickel content
O 2- b1
2
O 2-
O 2-
A l 3+
b"
O 2- 3
Al 3+ A l3+
b'
1
Al 3+
O 2- O 2-
or three dimensional
with the increase in the side chains the
monomer
Handling
Corrosion resistance
Disadvantages
Duration of etching
HEMA
And dimethacrylate
Properties
Limited data is available on the bond strength and degree of
curing
Inhomogeneous Patten of curing due to the sandwich involved
Enamel bracket sides of the polymer is more polymerized than
the middle of the bracket
System 1(ormco)
Unite (3M)
Visible light cured
The photo initiator in these systems is
camphoroquinone and a reducing amine
Polymerization is initated by exposure to light
curing source
Clinical handling
Provides increased working time and bracket
placement time.
Curing should be done from the incisal and cervical
margins
Properties
The degree of cure of a stain less steel brackets
bonded with light cured adhesive is comparable to
that of a transparent aesthetic bracket
Dual cure
Polymerization is initiation is achieved by through
exposure to light and the reaction progress following
a chemically cured pattern
Clinical handling
Combines the disadvantages of handling both light
cured and chemical cured materials.
Most time consuming application
Properties
Increased degree of cure and bond strength ,but of
questionable clinical significance
Ideal for bonding molar tubes
Moisture active
strength
Smart bond (Gestenco)
Moisture resistant
oxide.
A small quantity of Magnesium oxide which
phosphate .
Properties.
The powder to liquid ratio for the cement strongly
Draw backs
Zinc phosphate is brittle.
Disadvantages
High viscosity.
History
Glass ionomer cements was first introduced
glass.
Main constituents include silicon dioxide, aluminium
The other acids were in the form of itaconic acid, maleic acid
composites)
Ionomer modified composite
RESINMODIFIED GLASS IONOMERS
COMPOSITION
Biocompatibility
Patient acceptance
Flow
Wetting of oral structures
Setting dimensional change
Setting time
Properties during the removal from patient
mouth
Flexibility
Tear strength
Creep compliance
Properties after removal mouth
Dimensional stability
diamond
sand blasting
acid
and chemical coupling with the use of saline
Bonding to casting alloys
A proper surface preparation and special
adhesives are required for acceptable bonding to
the casting alloys. although roughening the surface
of the alloy with stone increases the bond strength.
intaoral sand blasters provide better results
Silver:- 8 to 30 %
Copper :- 7 to 20 %
Tin:- 2 to 4 %
Silver solder
Silver:- 10 to 80 %
Copper :- 15 to 50 %
Zinc :- 4 to 32%
Properties
These have high melting temperature
Greater strength and hardness
Conclusion
Whether to surrender to the
manufacturer