SMART HIGHWAY

LIGHTING SYSTEM
 INTRODUCTION
Highway lights have to be switched on and off
during dusk and dawn respectively.

This task is done manually which is prone to

errors and leads to energy wastages.

Here we devise a system for making this

automatic

It will be all season smart automated system

 COMPONENTS
555 timer IC
The 555 timer IC used in timer, pulse generation, and oscillator
applications.
The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator and as a
flip flop element.

Power Supply
The A.C input i.e., 230V is step down by the transformer to 12V
This is fed to rectifier to get DC ripples and to filter to remove any AC
ripples
Finally a capacitor is used to get constant DC voltage
Light dependent Resistor(LDR)
Its resistance varies with amount of light falling on its
surface.
The resistance of a LDR decreases with increasing
incident light intensity

Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a
circuit by a low-power signal.
SPST,SPDT,DPST & DPDT are different types of
relay switches.
Here we use SPDT relay.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 EXPLANATION
AC power 220 or 230V is step down to 12V by step
down transformer
Full-wave bridge rectifier converts AC to DC voltage
A constant DC voltage is obtained by using capacitor
When the light falls on the LDR its resistance is less
& when darkness appears its resistance rises
In between we use a potentiometer which adjusts the
light intensity
Working Of Automatic Street
Light using 555 Timer
Condition 1 : During Day time
During day time LDR conducts ,and voltage at P almost equal to Vcc voltage
at node Q it is 6v hence value of R is 1

Now at Lower comparator end the voltage at node 6 is 9v and Node R value is
3v so ,comparator generates S = 0

DURING DAY CONDITION

(RESET STATE)

S=0 & R=1 Q= 0 & Q=1

There is a inverter after Q in diagram; which inverts Q=1 hence pin 3 output is
'0.Light remains off.
 INTERMEDIATE
CONDITION
DURING SUNSET - RESET CONDITION

Q & Q
S=0 & R=0
=REMEMBER

There will be no change at output.

Light remains OFF
Condition 2 : During Night
During night,LDR acts as open circuit ,and voltage at point P will almost
equal to 0 V so at Pin 2 the voltage is equal to 0 V and at node Q it is 6v

R is 0

Now at Lower comparator end,The voltage of node 6 is 0v and node R value

is 3v hence S =1

DURING NIGHT
(SET STATE)
S=1 & R=0 Q= 1 & Q=0

There is a inverter after Q in diagram; which inverters Q=0 to Pin 3 output 1.

So light is ON.
 ADVANTAGES
Energy consumption can be reduced as light
switches ON & OFF at appropriate time in all
seasons depending on requirement.
Manual errors eliminated
The system is cost effective with good
sensitivity
Simple Construction
Extent of illumination at which light has to
switched on and off can be controlled.
 POWER ECONOMICS
On an average 2 Light hours per day can be saved
Considering 50 Highway/Street Light per Km

SAVINGS = 2 X 150 WATT X 50 = 15000 WH/KM

PER DAY = 15KWH/KM
= Rs 120/KM @ RS 8 PER UNIT
THANK YOU

PREPARED BY :-
-SAURABH BISWAS
-RAJOSIK ADAK
-DEPT.-MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING