TYPES OF LOAD

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 TYPES OF LOAD

CONSTANT TORQUE LOAD :

TORQUE
100

80

NOTE:-
50 A CONSTANT TORQUE LOAD
IS NOT NECESSARILY 100%
LOAD

50 100
PERCENT SPEED

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 TYPES OF LOAD
CONSTANT TORQUE LOAD :

Positive Compressors
Displacement
Root Blowers Pumps
Conveyors 3
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 TYPES OF LOAD

VARIABLE TORQUE LOAD :

100
TORQUE & POWER IN %

80
TORQUE
60

40
POWER
20

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
SPEED IN %

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 TYPES OF LOAD

VARIABLE TORQUE LOAD ( Torque Varies as Square of Speed)

Centrifugal
CentrifugalPumps
Fans 5
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 TYPES OF LOAD

CONSTANT HORSEPOWER LOAD :

TORQUE
100
HORSE POWER

TORQUE
50

50 100 150 200

PERCENT SPEED

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 TYPES OF LOAD

CONSTANT HORSEPOWER LOAD :

Lathe

Grinders

Winders

Coilers

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 ENERGY SAVING
APPLICATIONS

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 Energy Savings
Key Applications Areas The Energy Guzzlers
Fans
AHU
Ventilation / Fresh Air
Exhaust
Cooling Tower Fans
ID / FD Fans
Pumps
Process Water
Pressure booster pumps
Compressors
Reciprocating, Screw,
Centrifugal
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FAN APPLICATION

Air flow control of fan

Outlet side
damper Inlet side
damper

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 Comparison of motor power for fan drive
system
100

0
50 100
Airflow or motor speed
(%) 11
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 Flow Control-Affinity Laws

Flow Speed

Pressure / Head Speed 2

Power Speed 3

Benefits of Flow Control 12

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 Fundamentals- Traditional

Throttle

Flow control is achieved by riding the pump or the fan curve

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 Fundamentals- Evolution

Flow control is achieved by riding the System Curve

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 PRINCIPLE - ENERGY SAVING BY
SPEED CONTROL OF PUMPS

E A THROTTLE CONTROL ENERGY SAVING

B
= SHADED REGION
PRESSURE

= AREA (OEAD) - AREA (OFCD)

F C SPEED CONTROL

O D
VOLUME

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 The energy saving effect to the pump type

2.0

1.0

0
0.5 1.0
Flow rate Q (P.U.)
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 PRINCIPLE - ENERGY SAVING BY
SPEED CONTROL
As Per Affinity Laws
Flow (%) HP (%)
Required
100 100
75 42
50 12.5 17
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 Compressors
Operates in a load/ unload cycle.
Load

100%

Time

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 CompressorLoad/Unload Control

Conventional compressor system work between two set

pressures, resulting in pressure generated being higher than
the pressure required in the system.

110PSI

100PSI 20 PSI
PRESSURE

90PSI
MINIMUM SYSTEM
PRESSURE REQUIRED

TIME
100% FULL LOAD POWER
DURING LOAD CYCLE
POWER

20-30% OF FULL LOAD POWER

DURING UNLOAD CYCLE
LOAD UNLOAD TIME
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Disadvantages of Traditional Compressor:

Energy consumption as high as 20-30% of full load

power during unload period.

Pressure in the system is much more than the

minimum system pressure required, resulting in
extra power consumption and wear and tear of the
mechanical system.

20PSI extra pressure in the system, results in 10%

extra power consumption.

DOL or star/delta starting sequence on a motor

creates a power surge in electrical system.

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 Typical Schematic

A
I
R PRESSURE
TRANSMITTER
AC MOTOR AIR R
COMPRESSOR E
C
E To
I Plant
V
E
VARIABLE R
SPEED
AC DRIVE 4-20 mA/ 0-10V PRESSURE FEEDBACK SIGNAL

3 Ph./ 415V Supply

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 Advantages with Inverter Control:

Variable pressure setting possible.

Accurate pressure control.

No unload cycle, thus reducing power

consumption typically by 20 to 30% of full load
power.

Soft start with inverter control, power to the

motor is increased progressively, avoiding peak
power demand in the electrical system.

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