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congestion, oedema,
toxaemia
PROBLEM STATEMENT
GLOBALLY
Endemic
64 deaths
case
carriers
case
Nasopharyngeal sec
fomites
infected dust
Infective period-
Mode of transmission
droplet
infe cted cutaneous lesions
objects ( thermometers, toys etc)
nasopharyngeal secretion
PORTAL OF ENTRY:
1. respiratory route
respiratory tract
preceded by pharyngotonsillar
fever,
hoarseness,
croupy cough,
dyspnoea- obstruction caused by membrane
obstruction may cause suffocation- relieved by intubatipn or
tracheostomy
bronchial tree involvement- most severe
toxins produced actively within membrane
nerve damage
eye muscles
Cutaneous-
Early detection-
search for cases and carriers in family nd school
contacts
swab culture from throat and nasopharynx
tests for virulence of organism
Isolation-
14 days,
atleast 2 swabs 24 hrs apart shud be negative
Treatment-
cases-
carriers-
DPT
DTP w
DTPa
DT
dT
Single vaccines
FT
APT
PTAP
PTAH
TAF
DPT vaccine:
Plain or absorbed on aluminium hydroxide
never frozen
stored in 2-8 C
administered at 6 , 10, 14 weeks with booster at 18-24
months and again at 5 years
0.5 ml i.m
> 12 years of age DT is given
reactions- fever , erythema, severe reactions like
encephalopathy,infantile spasms are rare
C/I anaphylaxis, epilepsy
SINGLE VACCINES:
hardly used
severe reactions
25 Lf units diphtheria toxoid
ANTI SERA: