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TOURISM

PETER ROBINSON MICHAEL LCK STEPHEN L. J. SMITH


15 Tourism Policy and Planning
Learning Objectives

To understand the concepts of tourism


policy and planning

To evaluate the role of policy and planning


in tourism development

To critically assess the challenges faced by


tourism planners around development,
access, recreation and conservation
Tourism Policy
Tourism policy is often closely linked to
Employment opportunities
Diversification for traditional rural
businesses
Development of infrastructure
Development of tourism strategy
Enhanced quality of life
Cultural preservation
Inward investment strategies
Tourism Planning
Organizations
International
United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO)

National
National Tourism Organizations (NTOs)
Destination Management (or Marketing)
Organizations (DMOs)
Tourism Planning
Organizations
Local
Councils
Local authority involvement in planning
includes
Coordination of different functions, such as rights of
way and access, conservation, licensing etc.
Planning processes and regulation required for
developing new facilities
Legislation and regulation, including licensing,
health and safety, food safety and environmental
health
Tourism Planning
Organizations
Local authority involvement in planning
includes (cont.)
Entrepreneurship, supporting new businesses,
offering favourable business rates and offering start-
up funding
Stimulation of supply and demand through
investment in the activities of a DMP
Marketing and promotion through a DMP or directly,
including promotion of the area as an investment
destination
Tourism Planning
Organizations
Local authority involvement in planning
includes (cont.)
Providing benefit to local communities and
enhancing civic pride

Protecting public interest, ensuring communities


do not suffer the impacts of tourism development,
but can benefit from them
Why Plan for Tourism?
Population changes
Changing visitor trends
The nature of the destination
Over-exploitation
Outbreaks of diseases
Congestion
Event safety
Resentment towards tourists
Increase in criminal activity
Destruction of host community values
Challenges in Tourism
Planning
Managing seasonality
Converting day trippers
Managing impacts
Environmental
Social
Cultural
Economic
Management Solutions
Tools and techniques
Managing visitor flows
Carrying capacity
Zoning
Education and interpretation
Encouraging local involvement
Planning Process
(Cooper et al., 2008)

Recognition of planning need


Setting objectives for planning need
Surveying the existing data
Creating surveys to collect new data
Analysing primary and secondary data
Formulating an initial/draft plan
Developing recommendations
Implementing the plan
Monitoring and amending the plan
References
Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (2008)
Interrelationships and Classifications. In: Tourism: Principles and
Practice, 4th edn. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow,
UK.

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