SUBJECT EME

TOPIC- 4-STROKE DIESEL

ENGINE
 THE CREATORS

Monika Mehta B120010241

Mridul Singh Rawat B120010243
Salin manchanda B120010351
Vikas Sharma B120010434
Vivek Sharma B120010443
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
A diesel engine is an internal combustion
engine.
It uses the heat of compression to initiate
ignition to burn the fuel that has been
injected into the combustion chamber.
The engine was developed by German
inventor Rudolf Diesel in 1893.
The engine works on the principle of diesel
cycle
 DIESEL CYCLE
The Diesel cycle is the thermodynamic cycle
which approximates the pressure and volume
of the combustion chamber of the Diesel
engine, invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1897. It
is assumed to have constant pressure during
the first part of the "combustion" phase.

RUDOLPH DIESEL
 P-V AND T-S DIAGRAM FOR DIESEL
CYCLE
P-V GRAPH T-S GRAPH
STROKES INVOLVED IN DIESEL ENGINE
1. INTAKE stroke: Piston descends from the TDC to BDC
increasing the volume of the cylinder. Air is forced
into the cylinder through the intake port.
2. COMPRESSION stroke: with both valves closed, the
piston returns to TDC compressing the air into
the combustion chamber of the cylinder head.
Temperature gets increased to hundred degrees.
3. POWER stroke: While the piston is close to TDC, the
compressed fuel injected into a diesel engine ignites
due to the heat generated in the air during the
compression stroke.
4. EXHAUST stroke: Here, the piston once again
returns to top dead centre while the exhaust valve is
open. The spent fuel-air mixture is expelled.
 BASIC COMPONENTS USED
1. Crankshaft
2. Cam shaft
3. Cylinder head
4. Piston
5. And many more
DETAILED VIEW OF THE COMPONENTS
1. CRANKSHAFT
Singular costliest item in diesel engine.
Medium of transforming reciprocating motion to
rotary motion.
Balance weights can be either bolted up or
welded.
2. CAM SHAFT
Performs the vital role of opening & closing inlet &
exhaust valves.
Allow timely injection of fuel inside the cylinder.
Usually 3 cams for each cylinder-
2 outer cams for exhaust & inlet valves
1 central cam for fuel injection.
3. CYLINDER HEAD
CH is held on the cylinder liners by 7 hold down
studs.
Subjected to high shock stress & combustion
temperature at the lower face.
Complicated casting where cooling passages are
cored for holding water.
Space had been provided for passage of inlet air &
exhaust gases.
Space for fuel injection nozzles, valve guides &
valve seat.
4. PISTON
Compresses the air to required pressure &
temperature
Receives the thrust of expanding gases &
transmits the force through connecting rod.
With the help of piston rings, prevents
leakage of gas from combustion chamber.
5. SOME OTHER PARTS
PISTON RINGS
Seal the combustion chamber
Prevent blow by of air & high temperature combustion
gases.
CONNECTING ROD
Connects piston & crank shaft
Medium of converting reciprocating motion to rotary
motion.
LINERS
Forms the wall of the combustion chamber.
Guides the movement of piston.
 A SHORT SUMMARY
Diesel Engine relies upon compression ignition.
Compression ratio lies b/w 16:1 and 25:1.
Temp. increases to 700C to 900C.
Piston approaches TDC, fuel is injected.
Ignition instantly occurs, causing a rapid increase
in cylinder temperature & pressure.
Piston is driven downward with great force,
pushing on the connecting rod & turning the
crankshaft.
Exhaust gases are expelled then.
 ADVANTAGES
More efficient.
More reliable.
More durable.
Release less amount of harmful fumes.
Easily turbo-charged. CAN ACCEPT SYNTHETIC
FUELS
Produce minimal carbon monoxide.
Can easily accept synthetic fuels.

NO HARMFUL EMISSIONS
 DISADVANTAGES
More expensive.
Occasionally servicing can be more costly.
Parts tend to be more expensive.
The cost of diesel at the pump is higher.
Contribute to Greenhouse effect.
Generally more noisy.

A BIT NOISY
EXPENSIVE