ELECTRICAL POWER

TRANSFORMER,
DEFINITIONS AND ITS
TYPES

CRBTech.Electrical Training
 A TRANSFORMER, A STATIC MACHINE USED IN CONVERTING POWER FROM ONE CIRCUIT
TO ANOTHER WITHOUT ANY NEED TO CHANGE IN FREQUENCY. THIS DEFINES THE WORK
OF A TRANSFORMER. IT IS A STATIC DEVICE WHERE THERE IS NO ROTATION OR MOVING
PART. TRANSFORMER WORKS ON AC SUPPLY. THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF A TRANSFORMER
IS MUTUAL INDUCTION.
HISTORY OF TRANSFORMER

IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN KNOWING ABOUT THE HISTORY OF TRANSFORMER WE HAVE

TO REWIND BACK TO 1880S. IN 1830 PROPERTY OF INDUCTION, THE WORKING PRINCIPLE
OF TRANSFORMER WAS FOUND. LATER THE TRANSFORMER DESIGN WAS ENHANCED
LEADING TO MORE PERFORMANCE AND SMALLER SIZE. PROGRESSIVELY THE HUGE
CAPACITY OF TRANSFORMERS WITH SEVERAL KVA RANGE, MVA WAS INTRODUCED.
DURING 1950, 400KV ELECTRIC POWER TRANSFORMER WAS FOUND IN HIGH VOLTAGE
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM. AT THE START OF 1970S, A 1100 MVA UNIT RATING WAS
GENERATED FOLLOWED BY 800KV AND EVEN HIGHER KV CLASS TRANSFORMERS WERE
BUILT DURING THE YEAR OF 1980.
CRBTech.Electrical Training
 APPLICATIONS OF POWER TRANSFORMER

ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION AT LOWER VOLTAGE LEVEL IS VERY MUCH

AFFORDABLE. ACTUALLY THE RECEIVING END RECEIVES THE TRANSMITTED LOW
VOLTAGE POWER. BUT IF THIS IS TRANSMITTED THEN IT WILL LEAD TO GREATER LINE
CURRENT THAT WILL LEAD TO MORE LOSSES. AND IF YOU INCREASE THE VOLTAGE
POWER, THERE IS A REDUCTION IN THE POWER OF THE CURRENT WHICH CAUSES
REDUCTION IN OHMIC OR I2R LOSSES IN THE SYSTEM, DECREASE IN CAPITAL COST DUE
TO REDUCTION OF THE CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF THE CONDUCTOR AND IT ALSO
ENHANCES THE VOLTAGE REGULATION THE SYSTEM.
THEREFORE LOW-LEVEL POWER MUST BE STEPPED UP FOR EFFECTIVE ELECTRIC
POWER TRANSMISSION. STEP UP TRANSFORMER COMPLETED THIS WORK AT THE
RECEIVING END OF THE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM. AND NOW THE STEP DOWN
TRANSFORMER COMES INTO THE PICTURE BECAUSE THE HIGH POWER VOLTAGE
CANNOT BE DIRECTLY DISTRIBUTED TO THE CUSTOMERS. THIS SHOWS THE
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSFORMER IN ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION.

CRBTech.Electrical Training
 THE REASON BEHIND THE USAGE OF THE TWO WINDING TRANSFORMERS ARE USUALLY
WHERE THE RATIO OF HIGH VOLTAGE AND LOW VOLTAGE IS GREATER THAN 2. IN SUCH
CASES ONE CAN USE AN AUTO TRANSFORMER WHERE THE RATIO BETWEEN THE HIGHER
AND THE LOWER VOLTAGE IS LESS THAN 2.
COMPARATIVELY, A SINGLE UNIT THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER IS AFFORDABLE WHEN
COMPARED TO A BANK OF THREE SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS. THE ONLY DRAW BACK
IS A SINGLE THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER IS DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN BECAUSE EVEN IF
ONE OF THE PHASES BREAKS DOWN THEN YOU NEED TO DISCARD THE ENTIRE DEVICE.

CRBTech.Electrical Training
 TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
TRANSFORMERS CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN DIFFERENT WAYS, BASED UPON UPON THEIR
OBJECTIVE, USE, CONSTRUCTION
ETC. THE TYPES OF TRANSFORMER ARE AS FOLLOWS,
1) STEP UP TRANSFORMER AND STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER THIS IS ACTUALLY USED
FOR STEPPING UP AND DOWN THE VOLTAGE LEVELS OF POWER IN TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM NETWORK.
2) THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER AND SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER THREE PHASE IS
MOSTLY USED IN THREE PHASE POWER SYSTEM AS IT IS AFFORDABLE THAN LATER. BUT
WHEN SIZE COMES INTO THE PICTURE, IT IS MORE SUITABLE TO USE A BANK OF THREE
SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER AS IT IS CONVENIENT TO TRANSPORT THAN ONE SINGLE
PHASE TRANSFORMER UNIT.

CRBTech.Electrical Training
 3) ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMER, DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER AND INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMER FOR STEPPING UP OR DOWN THE VOLTAGE LEVELS IN THE
TRANSMISSION NETWORK, POWER TRANSFORMERS ARE USED. IT WORKS MAINLY
DURING HIGH OR PEAK LOADS AND HAS THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE PERFORMANCE AT OR
NEAR FULL LOAD. DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER STEPS DOWN THE VOLTAGE FOR
DISTRIBUTION TO DOMESTIC OR COMMERCIAL CUSTOMERS. IT HAS GOOD VOLTAGE
REPUTATION AND WORKS ALL THE DAY WITH THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE PERFORMANCE AT
50% OF FULL LOAD. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS INCLUDE C.T AND P.T ARE MAINLY
FOR REDUCING HIGH VOLTAGES AND CURRENT TO LESSER VALUES WHICH CAN BE READ
BY CONVENTIONAL INSTRUMENTS.
4)TWO WINDING TRANSFORMER AND AUTO TRANSFORMER WHEN THE RATIO BETWEEN
HIGH VOLTAGE AND LOW VOLTAGE IS GREATER THAN 2 THEN YOU CAN USE TWO
WINDING TRANSFORMER. AUTO TRANSFORMER IS USED WHEN THE RATIO IS LESSER
THAN 2 AND IT IS EASILY AFFORDABLE.

CRBTech.Electrical Training
 5) OUTDOOR TRANSFORMER AND INDOOR TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMERS USED FOR
SETTING UP AT THE OUTDOORS IS CALLED OUTDOOR TRANSFORMER AND THE ONE USED
FOR INDOOR PURPOSE IS CALLED INDOOR TRANSFORMER.
6) OIL COOLED AND DRY TYPE TRANSFORMER OIL IS USED AS A MEDIUM FOR COOLING
IN THE OIL COOLED TRANSFORMER AND AIR IS THE MEDIUM USED FOR COOLING IN THE
DRY COOLED TRANSFORMER.
7) CORE TYPE, SHELL TYPE AND BERRY TYPE TRANSFORMER CORE TYPE
TRANSFORMER CONSISTS OF TWO VERTICAL LEGS OR DIVISIONS WITH TWO
HORIZONTAL SECTIONS KNOWN AS YOKE. CORE IS RECTANGLE-SHAPED COMMON
MAGNETIC CIRCUIT. THE LIMB CONTAINS CYLINDRICAL COILS (HV AND LV).

CRBTech.Electrical Training
 SHELL TYPE TRANSFORMER: IT CONTAINS A CENTRAL LIMB AND TWO EXTERNAL LIMBS.
THE CENTRAL LIMB CONTAINS BOTH HV, LV COILS. IT CONTAINS A DOUBLE MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT.
BERRY TYPE TRANSFORMER: IT CONTAINS WHEEL LIKE SPOKES AT ITS CORE. METAL
SHEET TANKS ARE WELDED AND ARE USED FOR SHELTERING THIS TYPE OF
TRANSFORMER WITH TRANSFORMER OIL FILLED INSIDE.
ELECTRICAL TRAINING COURSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR YOU TO KNOW MORE ABOUT
ELECTRICAL DESIGN TRAINING AND ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION.
STAY CONNECTED TO CRB TECH FOR MORE TECHNICAL OPTIMIZATION AND OTHER
UPDATES AND INFORMATION.

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 THANK YOU

CRBTech.Electrical Training