The Environment

School Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

An Introductory Seminar on
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Presented by: Sam Darvishi (PhD Candidate)
Supervisor: Dr Mathias Baumert

Life Impact The University of Adelaide

 The Environment
School Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Outline

What is BCI?
How brain produces electricity?
BCI Approaches
Components of EEG-based BCI
My Project
Conclusion

Life Impact The University of Adelaide Slide 2

The Environment
School Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

What is BCI?

Life Impact The University of Adelaide Slide 3

 What is BCI-1
Fast-growing emergent technology

Direct channel between the human brain

and the computer.

Alternative Communication medium for

patients with stroke or locked in
syndrome
 What is BCI-2

www.scribid.com
 The Environment
School Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

How brain produces electricity?

Life Impact The University of Adelaide Slide 6

How brain produces electricity-1
A collection of 100 Billions of neurons

www.scribid.com
 How brain produces electricity-2
Specific activities, activate specific area of brain
Neurons population activity series batteries
Motor Imagery Motor Execution

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The Environment
School Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

BCI Approaches

Life Impact The University of Adelaide Slide 9

BCI APPROACHES -1
BCI APPROACHES -2
INVASIVE SEMI-INVASIVE EEG

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 The Environment
School Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Components of EEG-based BCI

Life Impact The University of Adelaide Slide 12

EEG BASED BCI Components

www.scribid.com
BCI Components- EEG Acquisition
Very weak electrical signals (< 0.1 mvolts)
Amplification ( instrumentational amplifier)
A/D conversion (128 Hz- 2048 Hz)
Transmit to a PC for processing (buffer)

A/D Buffer
BCI Components-Preprocessing
Artefact removal (EMG, EOG)
Notch Filter (50 Hz power line noise)
Band pass filtering ( 0.1- 30 Hz)

EMG/EOG 50 Hz noise Band pass

cancellation filtering
removal
BCI Components
Feature Extraction
Phase locked features (P300)
Non-phase locked features (ERD/ERS)
Motor imagery changes EEG amplitude in
Alpha ( 8-13 Hz) and Beta (18-26 Hz) bands
Frequency analysis (Fourier Transform)
FFT (DT signals) provides a vector (Features)
BCI Components
Pattern Classification
A sub-category of artificial intelligence(AI)
Statistical methods (LDA, Bayesian)
Heuristic methods (Fuzzy, Neural Networks)
Classifier training (using labeled features)
Classifier testing (using non-labeled features)
How to train a BCI system
Subjects asked to do motor imagery of
left/right hand movement.
EEG signals recording
Optimum channels and frequency bands
definition
Feature extraction
Classifier training
 BCI Components
Application Interface -1
Classifiers provide an output command
That command can run an applicator such as:
An orthotic hand
An avatar in virtual reality
A robotic wheelchair
A speller machine
Turn on/off A/C, TV, lights,
Alerting an exhausted driver to not fall sleep!
BCI Components
Application Interface -2

www.scribid.com
The Environment
School Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

My Project
Conclusion

Life Impact The University of Adelaide Slide 21

 My Project:
Using BCI for stroke rehabilitation-1
Stroke patients loose motor memory
They forget the motor loop:

Motor planning

Sending
Fine tuning the
commands
commands to
muscles

Receiving visual/
proprioceptive
feedback
 My Project:
Using BCI for stroke rehabilitation-2
Motor imagery activates the same area of brain that activates in motor
execution
Heb Learning Rule: The neurons that fire together, wire together

Motor imagery of right/left hand movement Activation

of Brain
Change in amplitude of EEG signals in alpha ( 8-13 Hz)
and Beta (18-25 Hz)

Using FFT to extract the features.

Using classifiers to translate the EEG signals

Providing simultaneous sensory feedback

My Project:
Using BCI for stroke rehabilitation-3
A similar study running in EPFL
 CONCLUSION

Multi-disciplinary Area: Neuro-physiology -

Signal processing - Computer programming -
Pattern recognition - Electronics Engineering

Intense R&D is ongoing in many labs all

around the world.

Electronic Engineers interested in bio-signal

processing are among the best potential
candidates to conduct research in the realm of
BCI.