Digital photogrammetry, also known as softcopy

photogrammetry, is the most recent development

in photogrammetric stereoplotter. They operate
with digital images as opposed to the film
diapositives used with analytical and other
traditional stereoplotters. Example of softcopy
plotter is the DSP1. , LISA
COMPONENTS OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
The fundamental hardware equipment for a softcopy
stereoplotter is a high-powered computer which must
have, large amount memory ( RAM ) and large storage
( hard disk space ).
The high speed and large memory capacity are
necessary because digital image files used in softcopy
plotters may be as large as several megabytes or more.
OPERATION OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

The system also requires operator controls for X, Y,

and Z positions within the stereomodel.
On a softcopy system, the X and Y controls are usually
implemented as some type of computer mouse,
while the Z control is typically a small wheel which can
be rotated by the operators thumb.
Needs special spectacles to obtain stereoviewing of
model
Sophisticated software to perform / control the
function of the analytical .
the Component System And Operation of an digital photogrammetry equipments

The digital photogrammetry are orientated requiring

a) Parameters of camera interior orientation

b) Coordinates of ground controls for absolute and

relative orientation( exterior orientation)

From the data in the computer computes the model

coordinates and shows them on the screen, print
hardcopy or send it to the plotter for plotting.
ORIENTATION PROCEDURES
Softcopy plotters are orientated in a similar fashion to
that of analogue and analytical plotters, that is
requiring to perform the same three steps of
Interior orientation
Relative orientation
Absolute orientation
software systems allow for greater automation in the
process.
Interior Orientation
The process primarily consists of pointing on the
fiducial marks done directing under the operator
control . Once all the fiducial marks are located, a two-
dimensional transformation can be computed to relate
image coordinates to the fiducial axis system.
Relative Orientation
The process requires at six pass points to be located for
a computed relative orientation. Normally more tha six
points are used to provide greater redundancy in the
least square adjustment solution thus increasing the
accuracy.
Absolute Orientation
In obsolute orientation , three-dimensional
measurements must be made on the positions of
ground control points which appears in the model.
The pointing of the control points are done manually
to make the x, y and z measurements.
DIGITAL IMAGE ACQUISITION
WITH AIRBORNE CCD CAMERAS.
Currently most processes of photogrammetry use of
digital images.
Then with technological advances, digital images
were obtained directly from the airplane itself using
CCD cameras also known as digital cameras.
the Component System And Operation of an digital photogrammetry equipments

A high powered computer with substantial processing speed , large amount of

RAM

Requires operator controls for x, y and z positions within the model
Sophisticated software to perform / control the function of the analytical
stereoplotter.
Needs special spectacles to obtain stereoviewing of model

The digital photogr ammatery are orientated

a) Parameters of camera interior orientation
b) Coordinates of ground controls for absolute and relative orientation
(exterior ior orientation)

From the data in the computer computes the model coordinates and shows
them on the screen, print hardcopy or send it to the plotter for plotting.
the advantages of DIGITAL
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
It is very flexible as it does not consist of any mechanical or optical limitations in forming the
mathematical model.

It is capable of accommadating and managing photo of:

i) Any tilt

ii) Any focal length

iii) Of two different focal lengths simultaneously

It is more accurate compared to analogue stereoplotter because :

There is no mechanical error.

It is able to correct systematic error such as :

Lens distortion
Expansion and contraction of films
Atmospheric reflection
Earthing curvature

Least square adjustments can be used to increase accuracyIt is very flexible as it does not consist of
any mechanical or optical limitations in forming the mathematical model.

 Digital photogrammetry is a well-established

technique for acquiring dense 3D geometric
information for real-world objects from stereoscopic
image overlap.
Aerial photogrammetry refers to the collection and
processing of imagery captured from an aerial or
orbital vehicle.
Close-Range photogrammetry (CRP) refers to the
collection of photography from the ground ., easy to
use software and digital cameras.( Non-metric),,