MOTION AND POSITION

SENSORS

BY
SATHISH KUMAR.R (16MD09)
 SENSOR
A sensor is a device which produces a signal relating
to the quantity being measured.

The output from any sensor is an indirect measure of

the value that is actually measured.

Hence proper calibration of the sensor should be done

to get the correct readings.
 POSITION SENSORS
Displacement sensors are concerned with the
measurement of amount by which an object has
been moved.
Position sensor are concerned with the
determination of position of an object in relation to
some reference.
Position sensors can be linear, angular, or multi-
axis.
 TYPES OF POSITION SENSOR
These sensors are grouped into two basic
types- contact and non contact.
Some commonly used sensors are
1. Photoelectric sensors
2. Hall effect sensors
 PHOTOELECTRIC SENSORS
As the name suggests it uses light to detect the presence
of an object.
It usually contains two main components a Light
Emitting Diode(LED) and a photo detector.
There are two types namely
1. Reflective type sensor
2. Trans-missive type sensor
REFLECTIVE TYPE
TRANS-MISSIVE TYPE
 HALL EFFECT SENSORS
When a beam of charged particles pass through a magnetic
field the beam gets deflected from the straight line due to
the force acting. This varies the actual flow in the system.
This is called as Hall effect.
Based on this the position of the object can determined by
the change in output voltage caused by the change in
magnetic flux.
It can operate as a switch.
 APPLICATIONS

In military robots.

In car reverse parking.

Packaging applications.
 MOTION SENSORS

Motion sensors are used to measure the linear

and angular velocities.

Some of the commonly used sensors are

1. Tachogenerator

2. Pyroelectric sensors
 TACHO GENERATORS
Variable Reluctance Tachogenerator consists of a toothed
wheel of ferromagnetic material which is attached to a
rotating shaft.
Also a pick up coil is wound on a permanent magnet.
The wheel rotates changing the flux in the region between
the wheel and the pick up coil.
This produces an e.m.f which determines the velocity of
the shaft.
 PYROELECTRIC SENSORS
Pyroelectric materials generate electric charges when heat
flows through it.
Initially the materials are polarized by heating it in
600degree. At this temperature the dipoles within the
materials line up with opposite charged poles facing each
other.
Whenever a heat source passes by the dipoles get altered
thereby changing the output voltage from the circuit.
 APPLICATIONS
Military applications.
Cameras
Automated lighting control
THANK YOU