OMF010003 Power Control ISSUE1.5

Power Control
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. HWPower Control
3. HWPower Control
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Power Control Overview
Power control
Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed.
Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
Purpose
Save the power of BTS and MS
Reduce the interference of the network
Increase the quality of the network
Power control includes uplink power control and downlink
power control, Which are performed independently
Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS receive
stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and adjacent
channel interference, reduce power consumption of MS
Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS receive

stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and adjacent
channel interference, reduce power consumption of BTS
Process of power control commands
It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from
command sending to execution.
BTS sends the command for power SACCCH report period: BTS receives the
control and TA in SACCH header. 26X4=104 frames (480ms) measurement report
SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3
MS begins to send the

In the 26 multi-frames, MS adopts the new
measurement report of the
frame 12 sends power level and TA
last multi-frame.
SACCH.
MS obtains SACCH MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

block to report the new TA and power control
message.
Huawei power control algorithm: HW I and HW II power control
Measurement
report pre-
processing
Power control
algorithm selection
GSM0508 power control HW I power control HW II power control

algorithm algorithm algorithm
Power control judgment and the selection of HWI algorithm or
HWII algorithm
Power control algorithm selected in power control data table
Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement report pre-

processing item which can be selected in handover control data table
MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This switch

decide where power control be processed. If measurement report
pre-processing is yes, power control is processed in BTS, and when
setting it no, power control is processed in BSC
Contents
2. HWPower Control
3. HWPower Control
HW I Power Control
HW I power control
Process of HW I power control
MR pre-processing
Data configuration for HW I power control
Comparison of uplink power control with downlink power control
HW I Power Control
Process of HW I power control
Measurement report
pre-processing
Aim achieved Y
Power control calculation and

adjustment
HW I Power Control
Original data of power control -- measurement report
Uplink MR
BTS Network
Downlink
measurement
report
HW I Power Control
Measurement report
Uplink
measurement
report
Downlink
measurement
report
HW I Power Control
Measurement report pre-processing -- interpolation
Each measurement report has a serial number. When the
serial numbers are discontinuous, this indicates that some
measurement reports must be missed. In this case, the
network will fill up the measurement report according to
interpolation algorithm.
Consecutive measurement report flow
MR MR MR MR
MR
Measurement Measurement report

serial number n+4
report serial
number n
3 missing measurement reports
HW I Power Control
Measurement report pre-processing -- filtering
Calculate average results of several consecutive measurement
reports to obtain the current information, reduce the influence
of some abnormal measurement reports for the judgment of
power control.
Consecutive measurement report flow
MR MR MR
MR MR
MR
Filter
HW I Power Control
HW I power control judgment (Stable adjustment stage)
Transmitting power adjustment =
(expected stable uplink or downlink RXLEV actual uplink or
downlink RXLEV) * uplink or downlink RXLEV compensation
factor + (actual uplink or downlink RXQUAL - expected uplink or
downlink RXQUAL)*10* uplink or downlink quality
compensation factor
The final adjustment power level should not exceed the
maximum power control step size
Final stable level = current level + transmitting power adjustment
HW I Power Control
HW I power control judgment (Initial adjustment stage)
Transmitting power adjustment = (actual initial RXLEV
expected initial RXLEV) * uplink RXLEV compensation factor
Final transmitting power = initial RXLEV transmitting power

adjustment
If the RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV, power

control will not occur within initial adjustment stage
HW I Power Control Configuration
HW I power control data configuration and parameter introduction
[BTS power control table]
Parameter Value Recommended
Meaning
name range value
The expected signal level of MS in stable status, Expected 063
DL RX_LEV
stable downlink signal level > downlink edge HO threshold (-110 dBm 35
Expected
Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused. -47 dBm)
The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 80
DL RX_LEV
adjustment value caused by power level equal to the difference (signal ex-signal
Compensati 0100
between the expected signal level and the actual receiving rx)*80%=adjustme
on nt value
signal level multiply this factor.
DL Qual. 07
Expected signal quality of MS in stable status. 1
Expected Levels
The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 20
DL
adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to [10*(quality
Qual.Comp 0100
10*difference between the expected signal quality level and the RX-quality
ensation
actual receiving signal quality level multiply this factor. EX)*20%]
Levels
MAX PC Maximum adjustment range in one BTS power control 0~16,
8
Step command 2dB each
step
[BTS power control table]
Parameter Recommended
Meaning Value range
name value
BTS PC Time interval for implementing two power control commands
110 5
Period (unit count of SACCH period)
Content: indicating the number of measurement reports in
which the average of uplink signal strength is taken before MS
Filter length
power adjustment at stable stage. The purpose is to remove
for DL 132 5
the influence of some abnormal reports. When the filter length
RX_LEV
is too long, the influence due to abnormal reports will be
weakened, but the MS power adjustment is not timely.
Indicating the minimum transmitting power allowed by the
BTS Min Tx base station. No matter what the original base station power
0~36dBm 4
power is, how many levels it can be down-tuned, the transmitting
power of the base station cannot be lower than this value.
1~16,
PC Adj. Indicating the maximum level the base station dynamic power
corresponding 16
Range can be adjusted
to 0~30dB
[MS power control data table]
Parameter Meaning Value range Recom-
name mended
value
Initial The expected BTS receiving signal level in the initial stage
0~63
RX_LEV when MS access the network. 30
(-110 dBm -47 dBm)
expected
Stable The expected BTS receiving signal level in stable status.
0~63
EX_LEV Expected stable signal level > uplink margin HO threshold (-110 dBm -47 dBm) 30
Expected (HO parameter). Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused.
UL RX_LEV Give an adjustment for the power control level value, the
compensati actual power level value MS should change is the result of
0~100 80
on this parameter multiply the difference between the expected
uplink signal level and the actual BTS receiving signal level.
UL Qual. The expected BTS receiving signal quality in stable status.
Expected
UL Qual. The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The
compensat adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to
0100 20
ion 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and
the actual receiving signal quality level times this factor.
Max PC The maximum level of MS power that can be dynamically Level 1~16,
step adjusted. 8
2dB/level.
[MS power control table]
Parameter name Meaning Value Value
range recommen
ded
PC interval Time interval between the implementations of two
0~30 5
power control algorithms; unit: SACCH period
Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

Initial RX_LEV required for predicting the signal strength at the 1~32 2
initial stage. Unit: Measurement reports
Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

stable RX_LEV required for predicting the signal strength at the
1-31 5
stable power control stage. Unit: Measurement
reports
Filter length for This is the number of the measurement reports

Qual. required for assessing signal quality at the stable 1~30 6
stage. Unit: Number of measurement reports
HW I Power Control
Power control will not occur in case of these four conditions
Both level and quality equal to the setting values (HW I power
control), or level and quality are within threshold band(HW II
power control)
Adjusting range for MS less than error tolerance
Adjusting range less than minimum power control step of BTS
The RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV within initial
adjustment stage
HW I Power Control
HW I power control judgment
Before judging the signal level to be adjusted, query the error
tolerance table according to the current transmitting power level.
Adjustment will not be done if the power adjustment value is less than
the error tolerance value.
Error tolerance table for 900M and 1800M is as follows:
1800M:
Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Error 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2
tolerance
900M:
Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Error 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6
tolerance
HW I Power Control
Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
Similarity:
1. To avoid frequently changes of signal level, the PC interval time between
the two consecutive uplink and downlink power control are limited.
2. To reduce the influence caused by abnormal reports, all measurement

reports should be filtered.
3. Both uplink and downlink power controls include level-specific and

quality-specific power controls.
4. Both uplink and downlink power controls have maximum power control
step size limit and compensating factor.
HW I Power Control
Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
Differentia:
1. Including power control for the stable stage, MS also has power
control when MS access the network, thus to reduce transmitting
power of MS as soon as possible.
2. For uplink, precautions are ready for increase MS transmitting
power in case HO fails.
3. For downlink, there are maximum and minimum transmitting
power limits in power control data configuration.
4. MS has the error tolerance table.
HW I Power Control
HW I power control exercise
Given conditions:
900M MS transmitting at the maximum power, uplink receiving
level of the 900M BTS is 60dBm, uplink quality level is always 0.
Parameter configuration in [BTS power/MS power control table] is

as follows stable RX_LEV Expected is 35, UL RX_LEV
Compensation is 80, UL Qual. expected is 1, and UL Qual.
compensation is 20, and the max. PC step is 16dB.
Exercise
Question:
1. Suppose that power control will no longer be done once the
power value to be adjusted is less than 2dB, what is the
approximate stable power value after power control with the above
data configuration?
2. According to the error tolerance list, suppose the initial MS

transmitting power is level 3, what is the maximum uplink receiving
level in stable status after power control?
Exercise
Answers for question 1:
Stable level = current actual level + [(expected signal intensity in stable
status current actual level) * uplink path loss compensating factor] +
[actual current quality expected uplink signal quality) * 10 * uplink quality
compensating factor] = -60+[(-75-(-60))*80]+[(0-1)*10*20] = -60-12-2
-74dBm. Now its necessary to adjust -14dB (no larger than the
maximum power control step size), but it needs further adjustment
because it fails to reach -75dBm, the expected signal level in stable
status. Use -74 in the above formula again for calculation, and the power
to be adjusted is -2.8dB. Because no power control adjustment will be
done when the power value to be adjusted is smaller than -2, it still needs
to be changed 2dB lower, so the uplink receiving level is -76dBm at last.
Exercise
Answers for question 2:
Query the error tolerance table, the tolerance of level 3 is 4dB, the
power to be adjusted for the second time is 2.8, which is less than
4 and up to the requirement, so the final uplink receiving level is -
74dBm in stable status.
Contents
2. HWPower Control
3. HWPower Control
HW II Power Control
Power control judgment process
Measurement report pre-

processing
The power control

demand according to the
receiving level
The power control

demand according
to receiving quality
General power control

judgement
Send the power control

command
HW II Power Control
Measurement report compensation
Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement
report before filtering.
Implementation steps:
1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement report
compensation queue.
2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according to the
MS and BTS power levels in the measurement report.
3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will compensate
the receiving level of the history measurement report according to the power
change information. The compensated measurement reports will be the
original data in the filter process.
4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.
HW II Power Control
Measurement report compensation
Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation
70
60 Diagram when there is no power control
Power control diagram when there is

50 measurement report compensation
Y axis
40
Power control diagram when there is no
measurement report compensation
30
20
10
0
5
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
45
48
10
11
12
13
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29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
46
47
49
50
X axis
The expected receiving signal level: 30

The power control will be more effective with measurement report compensation.
HW II Power Control
Measurement report prediction
Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is
dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
Implementation procedure
1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement
reports after interpolation.
2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement
report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports
prediction, which are configured on OMC.
3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted
measurement reports, and implement power control judgment.
HW II Power Control
Measurement report prediction
Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter
50
45
40 No power control
Y axis
35 Mean filter power

control
30
Prediction filter power
25 control
20
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
41
47
50
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
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22
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25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
42
43
44
45
46
48
49
X axis
The expected receiving signal level: 30

The power control with prediction filter will be more effective than that with
mean filter
HW II Power Control Implementation
Power control demand based on receiving level.
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control
module makes a comparison between the expected signal
level and the current receiving signal level.
Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be adjusted,
making the receiving level value closer to the expected value.
Adopt variable step size when adjusting the transmitting power
according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the expected
level as soon as possible.
Power control demand based on receiving quality
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control module
makes comparison between the expected quality level and the current
receiving quality level.
Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be adjusted.
Increase the transmitting power in case of poor receiving quality.
Decrease the transmitting power in case of good receiving quality.
Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power according to
the receiving quality.
General power control judgment
Power control by receiving Power control by receiving Power control by signal level and
level quality quality
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul No action
AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev
No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_A
No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_B
No action No action No action
HW II Power Control Feature
Adaptive power control:
Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control
strategy according to the communication environment, it makes
power control more effective and stable.
Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of power
control according to different communication environment (different
receiving quality).
Adopt different power control strategies according to different
communication environments (different receiving quality and level).
Max. step is different between increase and decrease.
HW II Power Control Feature
Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
As for HW II power control in case of calculating power
control step size according to signal level and quality, the
signal level and quality have upper/lower thresholds. Power
control will not execute if the signal level and quality is within
the threshold bands.
Avoid the signal level up-and-down caused by power control.
The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case of

bad quality.
HW II Power Control Advantages
Measurement report compensation -- makes power control
judgment more accurate
Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later

than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or
bad quality
Power control expected signal level and quality threshold

falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level
fluctuate up and down frequently
HW II Power Control Configuration
[HW II power control table] main parameters 1
Meaning
name range value
filter length
How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average
for UL 1~20 6
uplink signal level to be used for uplink power control adjustment.
RX_LEV
filter length How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average
for DL downlink signal level to be used for downlink power control 1~20 6
RX_LEV adjustment.
filter length How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average
1~20 6
for UL Qual. uplink quality level to be used for uplink power control adjustment.
How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average
filter length
downlink quality level to be used for downlink power control 1~20 6
for DL Qual.
adjustment.
If yes, System put the currently received measurement report into
the measurement report compensation queue, and record the
MR
transmitting power information according to MS and BTS power
compensation Yes, no Yes
values. And then interpolation, compensate the receiving level
allowed
value of the record measurement report according to the power
change information.
UL MR
The number of uplink pred. MR in the filter using for power control 0~3
number 2
judgment. reports
predicted
DL MR
The number of downlink pred. MR in the filter using for power 0~3
number 2
control judgment. reports
predicted
Meaning
name range value
1~30
PC interval Time between two power control command implementation (SACCH 5
period)
This parameter specifies the uplink signal level upper threshold.
When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power
UL RX_LEV 0~63
decrement [=receiving level - (upper threshold + lower
upper (-110 dBm 35
threshold)/2]. This decrement value should consider together with -47 dBm)
threshold
the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which
the receiving signal quality located.
This parameter specifies the uplink signal level lower threshold.
When the signal level lower than this value, calculate a power
UL RX_LEV 0~63
increase [= (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2- receiving level].
lower (-110 dBm 25
This increase also consider together with the maximum step size -47 dBm)
threshold
allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal
quality located.
UL Qual.
Level
upper This parameter specifies the uplink quality upper threshold. 0
0~7
threshold
UL Qual.
This parameter specifies the uplink quality lower threshold for Level
lower 2
power control 0~7
threshold

Meaning
name range value
This parameter specifies the downlink signal level upper
threshold. When the signal level higher than this value,
calculate a power decrement [=receiving level (upper 0~63
DL RX_LEV
threshold + lower threshold)/2]. This decrement should (-110 dBm 40
upper threshold -47 dBm)
consider together with the maximum step size allowed for
different quality zone which the receiving signal quality
located.
This parameter specifies the downlink signal level lower

threshold. When the signal level lower than this value,
DL EX_LEV calculate a power increase [= (upper threshold + lower 0~63
(-110 dBm 30
lower threshold threshold)/2- receiving level]. This increase also consider -47 dBm)
together with the maximum step size allowed for different
quality zone which the receiving signal quality located.
DL Qual. upper This parameter specifies the downlink quality upper

Level 0~7 0
threshold threshold for power control
DL Qual. lower This parameter specifies the downlink quality lower

Level 0~7 2
threshold threshold for power control
Meaning Value range
name value
MAX Down Adj.
This parameter specifies the maximum downward
value Qual. 0~30dB 16
power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 0.
zone 0
MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

value Qual. power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 1 or 0~30dB 8
zone 1 2
MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

value Qual. power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 0~30dB 4
zone 2 equal to or more than 3.
MAX Down Adj.

The adjustment step allowed for the downward
PC Value by 0~4dB 4
power control due to receiving signal quality.
Qual.
Meaning Value range
name value
MAX Up Adj.
It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for
PC Value by 0~32dB 16
upward power control by receive level.
RX_LEV
MAX Up Adj.
It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for
PC Value by 0~32dB 8
upward power control by receive quality.
Qual.
In uplink power control, when the receiving quality

of uplink is not less than this start threshold, the
actual "upper threshold of signal strength of uplink"
UL Qual. Bad
will be added with "upper threshold offset of level 0~7 5
TrigThrsh
when the receiving quality of uplink is poor" in the
data configuration. Thus, the expected level in
uplink power control can be increased furthermore.
In uplink power control, when the receiving quality is

not less than "start threshold when the receiving
UL Qual. Bad
quality of uplink is poor", the actual "upper threshold 0~63dB 0
UpLEVDiff
of signal strength of uplink" will be added with this
offset value.
Meaning Value range
name value
In downlink power control, when the receiving
quality of downlink is not less than this start
threshold, the actual "upper threshold of signal
DL Qual. Bad strength of downlink" will be added with "upper
0~7 5
TrigThrsh threshold offset of level when the receiving quality
of downlink is poor" in the data configuration. Thus,
the expected level in downlink power control can be
increased furthermore.
In downlink power control, when the receiving
quality is not less than "start threshold when the
DL Qual. Bad
receiving quality of downlink is poor", the actual 0~63dB 0
UpLEVDiff
"upper threshold of signal strength of downlink" will
be added with this offset value.
Exercise
Exercises for HW II power control
Given conditions:
The uplink receiving level is -55dBm, the quality is level 0. Power control
algorithm is HW II.
Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold: -
60dBm, uplink signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal upper
quality threshold: level 1. Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The
downward adjustable step size of quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1
is 8dB, and of quality 2 is 4 dB. The upward adjustable step size of
receiving level is 16dB. The upward or downward adjustable step size for
power control by quality are both 4dB.
Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power
control?
Exercise
Answer.
First, transmitting power to be reduced according to receiving level =
actual receiving level -(uplink signal level upper threshold + uplink signal
level lower threshold)/2 -55- (-60 + (-80))/2(-55)-(-70)15dB. As the
receiving quality is level 0, downward adjustable step size of quality band 0
can be used -- decrease 16dB.
Second, the transmitting power to be decreased according to receiving
quality = as power control adjustment step size by quality is 4dB, thus
decrease 4dB.
Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 15dB
should be decreased.
Exercise
Answer .
After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving
level becomes: -55dBm-15dB= -70dBm, Suppose the quality reach
already in level 1 here.
First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~-60dBm,

neednt adjust.
Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, neednt

adjust.
Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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Power Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS

Reduce the interference of the network

Increase the quality of the network

Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS receive

MS begins to send the

MS obtains SACCH MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

GSM0508 power control HW I power control HW II power control

Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement report pre-

MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This switch

Data configuration for HW I power control

Comparison of uplink power control with downlink power control

Power control calculation and

Measurement Measurement report

Final transmitting power = initial RXLEV transmitting power

If the RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV, power

Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

Filter length for This is the number of the measurement reports

Adjusting range for MS less than error tolerance

Adjusting range less than minimum power control step of BTS

2. To reduce the influence caused by abnormal reports, all measurement

3. Both uplink and downlink power controls include level-specific and

Parameter configuration in [BTS power/MS power control table] is

2. According to the error tolerance list, suppose the initial MS

Measurement report pre-

The power control

The power control

General power control

Send the power control

60 Diagram when there is no power control

Power control diagram when there is

The expected receiving signal level: 30

35 Mean filter power

The expected receiving signal level: 30

Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be adjusted.

Increase the transmitting power in case of poor receiving quality.

Decrease the transmitting power in case of good receiving quality.

Avoid the signal level up-and-down caused by power control.

The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case of

Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later

Power control expected signal level and quality threshold

Parameter Value Recommended

This parameter specifies the downlink signal level lower

DL Qual. upper This parameter specifies the downlink quality upper

DL Qual. lower This parameter specifies the downlink quality lower

MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

MAX Down Adj.

In uplink power control, when the receiving quality

In uplink power control, when the receiving quality is

First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~-60dBm,

Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, neednt

Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.

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