OBJECTIVE

TO ORIENT THE STUDENTS THE KNOWLEDGE

AND UNDERSTANDING ABOUT THE MILITARY
CHAIN OF COMMAND, THE HISTORY,
ORGANIZATION, MISSION AND CAPABILITIES
OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES
TO INCLUDE THE MAJOR SERVICE
COMMANDS, MAJOR SERVICE RESCOM AND
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES
ARESCOM.
 SCOPE
Chain of Command( Commander -in-
Chief, DND & AFP).
Brief History and organization of the AFP.
Mission and Capabilities of AFP.
Mission, Organization & Capabilities of
Major Service Commands, Major Service
RESCOM and AFPRESCOM.
 Chain of command
In a military context, the chain of
command is the line of authority
and responsibility along which
orders are passed.
The line of command will generally
go from a higher-ranked soldier
who gives the order, i.e. an officer,
down to a lower-ranked soldier
who is ordered to perform, i.e. a
common soldier.
In line with the accepted concept of
civilian supremacy over the military and
as provided for in our constitution :
President of the Philippines- Is the
Commander-in-Chief of the AFP.
Department of National Defense-
Supervise and control over the AFP, the
National Defense Program of the
country and maintain peace & order.
Chief of Staff AFP- the highest Military
Officer in the AFP. He has the
command of all elements of the AFP.
He executes the Presidents command
functions in relation to military tactics
and operations and acts as the
immediate adviser of DND.
AFP ORGANIZATION
 Following AFP changes
occurred during and after World
War II:
All organized military forces of the
Commonwealth of the Phil. Was inducted
into the service of the AFUS to form the
USAFFE for the defense of the Phil.
On 17 Dec l941, The PC was again made
and integral part of the Phil. Army.
On 28 Oct l941, the Phil. Army was
reorganized legalizing all guerilla forces or
units operating against the Japanese.
 On August l945, the Phil Armys strength
totaled 250,000 Offrs and men. The costly
maintenance of the army resulted to
demobilization.
In early l945, the Military Police
Command was created for enforcement of
law and order country wide except in
active combat areas.
After July l946, the Phil Army underwent
organizational changes. Major commands
were created on Oct l947, namely: Military
Training Command, Phil Naval Patrol, Phil
Air Force & Military Police Command.
 A Department of Interior of the National
Government was created for the
maintenance of peace and order. It
exercise operational control over the
Military Police Command (MPC).
The Army of the Philippines performed
administering functions to the MPC.
Under the set-up, the MPC had two
superiors. The Sec of National Defense
and The Sec of Interior.
 THE AFP ORGANIZATION IN THE
50s
In l950, the effect of vigorous campaign against
subversive movements and to spare a battalion
in Korea under its commitment with United
Nation, seven (7) Army Commands and twenty
six (26) Battalion Combat Team were
organized. Five (5) of these BCTs took turns in
rendering service with PEFTOK from l950-l953.
 The Post-War, Phil Army organized 26
Battalion combat Teams or BCTs against the
Huks who threatened the security of the
nation. The BCTs were placed under the Phil
Ground Force (PCG). On 01 Jan 1951, the
PCG was reactivated and replaced by the
Phil Army.
On Dec l950 thru Executive Nr.389 issued by
Pres Quirino, the Phil Army underwent
structural changes that led to the creation of
the AFP. The Major Services namely: PA,
PC,PAF & PN were created with the mission
to organize, train and equip forces for
military operations.
 The AFP Gen Staff was created composed of
the Chief of Staff, the Vice Chief of Staff, the
Deputy Chief of Staff and the heads of the
four staff divisions: G1 for personnel, G2 for
Intelligence, G3 for Organization Training and
G4 for Logistics.
Executive Order No.398 also provided for the
operation of four Military Areas for the
territorial organization of the Philippines for
national defense, namely: I, II, III and IV Military
Areas.
 Battalion Combat Team- a small compact unit
capable of the independent operations over an
extended period. Equivalent to present
Infantry Battalion, It was reinforced by
additional service elements and supporting
arms which made organic to it. Its composition
was follows: Hqs & Hqs Service Coy,
Reconnaissance Coy, 3 Rifle Coy, Heavy
Weapons Coy, Field Artillery Battery or Grade,
Medical Detachment and Dental Detachment.
 AFP ORGANIZATIONS IN THE
60s AND 70s:
The AFP organizational set-up in the 50s until
the late 60s the first unified command about in
1968.
SWESCOM-was organized to secure the
Southwestern Phil. and placed directly under
CSAFP its units coming from all major services
of the AFP. It was task to secure the
Southwestern Phil. Against lawless elements
particularly smugglers, pirates and armed
bands.
 The four Military Area Commands of the AFP
were deactivated in l970 to give way to the
activation of the 1st Infantry Brigade (Sep),
ERC Bde (Sep), 3rd Bde (Sep) and 4th Inf Bde
as major components of the Phil. Army.
In consonance with the Unified Command
concepts, CEMCOM, NORESCOM and
WESCOM were activated with AORs covering
Region 12, all regions of Manila and Palawan
respectively. EVISCOM was also created to
cover the Eastern Visayas area.
 AFP ORGANIZATION IN THE 80s:
On March 1983, Pres Marcos directed the
CSAFP to effect the restructuring of the
AFP with justifications, to wit:
Low personal fill-up; insufficient logistical
support and low combat readiness.
Insufficient reaction of specified units to meet
increasing requirement for security operations.
Inadequacy in the AFPs ability to fully
integrate, command and control units for
security operations particularly in area where
no unified command exists.
 To address these problems, the following
were undertaken:
Established a Unified Command in every region in
order to provide unity of command, effective control of
AFP Units in the region for security and development
purposes.
To organize functional or specialized forces in the
major services in order to provide highly trained,
compact, hard-hitting units that could be deployed
against insurgents during contingencies.
To reorganize the rifle squad, platoon, company and
infantry Battalion to make them more responsible to
COIN operations.
Reduce the existing fill-up of administrative and
service units to generate more personnel for field
operating units.
 Regional Unified Command:
To conduct combined-Joint security
operations in its AOR.
Maintain peace and order.
Assist in the Socio-Economic
Development of the region.
The AORs of the RUCs were conformed
with the boundaries of the political
subdivision of the 12 regions of the
country.
 Major Services Organized Specialized
Forces:
Phil Army- created the First Scout Ranger
Regiment (FSRR) & First Special Forces
Regiment (FSFR).
Phil Constabulary- created the Special
Action Force (SAF).
Phil Air Force- created the Special
Security Group (SSG).
The Phil Navy- the Marines Corps were
strengthened for quick reaction capability.
The Army Scout Rangers
The Elite Unit of the Phil. NAVY
 AFP ORGANIZATION AFTER THE
FEBRUARY 86 REVOLUTION:
AFP aimed to streamlined its organization:
1. To develop a new AFP that is in lean and
compact but efficient and effective, highly
motivated, and most of all, peoples oriented.
2. To have a strong unified and well-structured
organization with proper mix of force (ground,
air, and naval with police support) that will
permit to push more troops to the front for
peace and order, and security operations.
 As planned, the 12 RUCs were reduced to Area
Unified Commands (AUC):
NOLCOM-covering region 1 & 2.
SOLCOM -covering region 4 & 5
CELCOM-covering Central Luzon.
VISCOM- covering region 6, 7 and 8.
SOUTHCOM-covering region 9, 10, 11 & 12.
NCRDC-takes care of Metro Manila.
WESCOM-remains as a Regional Unified
Command for Palawan.
HISTORY OF THE ARMED
FORCES OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Historical Background of AFP
The proposal of Governor General Wood
did not materialize to create a (PMF)
because of the following reason:
1.The proposal failed to draw attraction from
the US Government.
2. The Filipino leaders then believed that the
security of the Philippines was
responsibility of the United State.
Governor General Wood
Awakening of the Filipino consciousness
for National Security.

Japanese aggression of China

mainland prior to 2nd World War.
the assurance of the forthcoming
independence
 First effort towards military preparedness.
Philippine Legislature House Bill No. 72 in l934,
creating a Bureau of National Defense, Governor
General Murphy, however vote this bill due to
budgetary limitations.
Amendments, were, however, made for the detail of
US Army, Naval, and Marine Corps Officers to assist
as was then being done in other American Republics.
Upon its amendment on early l935 President Quezon
secures services of Gen. McArthur as concurrent
Military Adviser to the Phil. Commonwealth and Chief
of the Military Mission of the US Army.
 Legal Basis; Constitution,
Commonwealth Acts, Executive Orders:

Constitution The defense of the state

is a prime duty of the government, and in
fulfillment of this duty all citizens maybe
required by Law to render a personal
military service. Thus was enunciated
the right of the government to conscript
its citizens into Military Training and the
responsibility of each citizens to defend
his country as well. (Sec. IV, ART II).
 Aside from the Constitution, the Legal Basis
for the Organization of the Philippine Army is
Commonwealth Act No.1, otherwise known
as the National Defense Act, approved on 21
December l935.
Executive Order No.11 issued by President
Quezon in January 1936 effected the
organization of Headquarters, Philippine
Army, as a component of the Regular
Force.
 Commonwealth Act No.88, approved by
President Quezon on October 26, l936,
provided for the creation of the State Police
Force which nationalized all police forces in
the country into a separate organization. The
Constabulary was relieved of its national
police powers and remained an integral part of
the Philippine Army.
 Commonwealth Act No.343, approved on
June 23, l938, and implemented by Executive
Order No. 153 issued that same day affected
the separation of the Philippine
Constabulary from the Philippine Army.
 PRELUDE TO WAR
General mobilization was reported to
from the reserve component so that 10
Military Divisions were formed and
inducted into USAFFE (US Armed
Forces for the Far East). At the
outbreak of World War II not one of the
Ten (10) Divisions was at full strength
so that volunteer and even ROTC
Cadets were inducted into the service.
 BATAAN/ CORREGIDOR
DEFENSE
The stand of the USAFFE forces
throughout the Island particularly Bata
an and Corregidor was not successful,
however, the outrageous stand
displayed by the Filipino soldier
despite the forces being ill-equipped
has proven and shows to the world that
Filipino is one of the best fighting
soldier in the world.
 even we lost in the Bata an and
Corregidor, we somehow disrupted the
Japanese Armys time table of invading
Australia and because of this delay, the
US was able to hastily built up here
forces that later on defeated the
Japanese gradually.
The Defense of Corregidor
The offensive attack of Japanese
The landing of Japanese Army in
Corregidor
The Japanese Offensive
BANZAI !!
Fallen soldiers
Tired and hungry U.S. Troops
THE DEATH MARCH
Till death do us march
ROUTE TO DEATH MARCH
 JAPANESE OCCUPATION
PERIOD
The Philippine Army of l941-42 was defeated
but its spirit was never conquered. Majority
of its rank and file went underground in plain
language they become guerrilla.
Because of this, they facilitated the return of
Gen McArthur who, during the early days in
Bata-an was recalled that the Filipinos have
again proven to the world, that they are one
of the best guerilla fighters in the world.
Gen McArthur
I SHALL RETURN
The landing in Leyte
JUDGMENT DAY IN JAPAN
 COMMONWEALTH WAR
The United States assumed all obligation for
national defense against foreign invasion as
it maintained the Philippine department, part
of which was the Philippine Scout consisting
of Filipino enlisted men and American
Officers.
The Philippine Legislature of l934 passed a
bill calling for the establishment of Bureau of
National Defense. President Quezon sought
the service of General McArthur and Major
Eisenhower the bill then become a law and
by virtue of Executive Order Nr. 11 dated Jan
11, l936 the Philippine Army was officially
reactivated.
 On July 26, l941, US President
Roosevelt called into the service of the
US Army all organized military forces in
the Philippines. Two (2) regular and Ten
(10) reserve Divisions of the Army
become part of the US Armed Forces in
the Far East (USAFFE). They continued
to distinguish themselves in the
resistance movement against the
Japanese.
 POST WAR ARMY
On October 20, l944, President Osmena
issued Executive Order Nr 21, placing into
the services of the Philippine Army all
personnel of recognized guerilla units.
As a result, five (5) Army Divisions were
organized out of the regular army and
guerilla units. Moreover, general and special
staff and other support units were activated
to include two (2) units of Philippine Army Air
Corps and the Offshore Patrol.
 By virtue of Executive Order Nr 92 dated
October 4, l947, the Army was renamed
Armed Forces of the Philippines while its
headquarters was renamed Headquarters
National Defense Forces. On that same date,
the Military Training Command, the Offshore
Patrol and the Philippine Air Force were
elevated to major commands designated
respectively as Philippine Ground Force,
Philippine Naval Patrol and Philippine Air
Force
 In l950, the effect of vigorous
campaign against subversive
movements and to spare a battalion in
Korea under its commitment with
United Nation, seven (7) Army
Commands and twenty six (26)
Battalion Combat Team were organized.
Five (5) of these BCTs took turns in
rendering service with PEFTOK from
l950-l953.
BCTs in Korea 1050-1953
 Later,reorganization was
contemplated by President
Quirino. He issued Executive
Order 359 on December 23, l950,
which provided for the creation of
four (4) Major Services in the
Armed Forces of the Philippines
namely; Philippine Army,
Philippine Air Force, Philippine
Constabulary and Philippine Navy.
 THE AFP TODAY
The separation of Philippine Army from
General Headquarters (GHQ)-
July 1, l957, pursuant to Section I, General
Orders No. 562, GHQ AFP, dated June 22,
l957. The need for the reactivation of
Headquarters, Philippine Army in Fort
Bonifacio, Rizal was felt since l954, the
year the backbone of the HMB movement
was definitely broken.
A strong unified and well-structured
organization in the AFP
The Philippine Air Force fighter Planes
 Present organization of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines
February l960, pursuant to Executive
Order No. 376, the addition of a new
division, the Plans Division (J-5) was
affected and now DC of S J6
Comptroller and DC of S J7 for Home
Defense was added.
 On July 1, l957, Headquarters
Philippine Army was organized with
BGEN. LEONCIO TAN as Commanding
General. It was during this period when
the Army participated in SEATO
exercises and the regular and reserve
forces as an initial defense in case of
emergency.
 In the late 1960s, however, the Army
assumed a firm and vigilant stand
against subversion. It took even greater
commitment first, as a military force of
defense, and accord as a national
builder. In effect Home Defense Center
was established over the country.
Subsequently, the Army Corps of
Engineers, with the 51st Engineering
Brigade as nucleus were organized and
fielded for engineering constructions
and developmental projects.
 On February 1, l970, the Army was
again reorganized to meet the
immediate operational requirements of
defense and national security, provide
civic assistance and support in the
development program of the national
government.
The ascent of Ferdinand Marcos to power in 1965
reversed the trend toward professionalism in the
AFP.
The declaration of martial law by Marcos in 1972 set the
stage for enlarging the role of the military in society. The
armed forces became the government's principal tool to
combat the fledgling communist insurgency and, during
the mid-1970s, the violent Muslim rebellion.
The AFP budget grew rapidly and its strength increased
threefold. Civic action operations expanded as part of
the military's program to aid rural development, increase
support for the government, and undercut the insurgents.
The military was involved in administering the national
criminal justice system, particularly in insurgent-affected
areas.
 The military also was directly involved in the
management of the economy as AFP officers
took charge of many major companies, moving
far from the original model of a small, apolitical
military that performed functions strictly limited to
conventional defense against outside
aggression.
Filipinos increasingly criticized the
personalization and manipulation of the military
by Marcos, especially following the military's
alleged involvement in the 1983 assassination of
his political rival, Benigno Aquino. Discontent
also emerged in the military and played a
decisive role in Marcos's overthrow. Critical of
Marcos's domination of the military and of senior
officers' alleged corruption and incompetence, a
group of midlevel AFP officers founded a reform
movement--the Reform the Armed Forces
Movement (RAM) in 1982.
The Source of EDSA revolution/Peoples power l986
(NINOY AQUINO assassination and AFP reform
movements)
AFP during EDSA Revolution
 Despite the Aquino government's attempts to
depoliticize the Philippine military, the February
1986 rebellion against Marcos was not the last
uprising. Units loyal to the deposed president
mutinied in Manila only months after Aquino took
office, and by 1991 there had been six open
rebellions against her rule. The two most
serious, in August 1987 and December 1989,
were led by the RAM officers that had helped
bring her to power. In 1991 discontented
elements of the AFP led by fugitive RAM
founders, still threatened to unseat the
president.
MISSION OF THE ARMED
FORCES OF THE
PHILIPPINES,
MAJOR SERVICE
COMMANDS, MAJOR
SERVICE RESCOM AND
MAJOR SERVICE
AFPRESCOM
 MISSION OF THE AFP
(a) Uphold the sovereignty, support the
constitution and defend the territory of the
Republic of the Philippines against all enemies,
foreign and domestic.
(b) Advance the national aims, interest and
policies.
(c) Effectively plan for the organization,
maintenance, development of its regular and
citizen reserve force national security.
(d) Perform such other functions as the
President may direct.
 THE ARMED FORCES GENERAL STAFF:
The Armed Forces General Staff is organized into nine
(9)divisions, each under the direction of a Deputy Chief of
Staff as follows:
DC of S, J1 - Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel
DC of S, J2 - Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence
DC of S, J3 Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations
DC of S, J4 - Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics
DC of S, J5 - Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans
DC of S, J6 Deputy Chief of Staff for Comptroller
DC of S, J7 Deputy Chief of Staff for Home Defense
DC of S, J8 Deputy Chief of Staff for Material
Development
DC of S, J9 Deputy Chief of Staff for Education &
Training
 Mission of the Philippine Army
To organize, train and equip army forces
for the conduct of prompt and sustained
land combat operations.
To develop tactics, techniques and
equipment needed by the army for field
operations.
To train, organize and equip all army
reserve units.
To perform such other functions as the
higher authorities may direct.
 Mission of Philippine
Constabulary
As national police force, it is organized trained
and equipped primarily for the enforcement of
law and order in the Philippines
In time of emergency, the PC may be employed
to perform home defenses missions in rear
areas and other services as the chief of Staff
may direct.
To perform such other functions as higher
authorities may direct
(1991 Philippine Constabulary was separated
from AFP)
 Mission of the Philippine Air Force

To organize, train and equip air forces, for

prompt and sustained operations in the air.
To organize, train and equip air forces for
close support of ground forces.
To develop doctrines, procedures, tactics,
techniques and equipment for joint operation
peculiar to the air force.
To develop doctrines, procedures, tactics,
equipment and techniques for joint operations.
To furnish aerial photography for cartographic
purposes.
 Mission of the Philippine Navy
To organize, train, equip, maintain and operate naval
forces and naval equipment to include naval reservist and
assistance required by the other components of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines in the accomplishment of its
mission.
To assist government agencies in the enforcement of laws
and regulations pertaining to navigation, immigration,
customs, revenue, opium, quarantine, fishing, and neutrality
in the territorial and contiguous waters of the Philippine
Archipelago.
To develop doctrines, procedures, and naval equipment for
joint operations, and the doctrines and procedures for
amphibious operations
To be responsible for the naval phased of reconnaissance,
anti-submarine warfare and the protection of shipping.
 MISSION OF THE UNIFIED
COMMAND
To conduct combined-Joint security
operations in its AOR.

Maintain peace and. order.

Assist in the Socio-Economic

Development of the region.
 THE RESERVE COMMAND

The Reserve command is the primary unit

of the Philippine Army responsible for reservist
development. It implements the Reserve Force
Development Program of the Philippine Army in
coordination with other Army Units.
 MISSION OF RESERVE
COMMAND
To organize, train, equip, provide and
administer the reserve components of
the Philippine Army.
 CAPABILITIES OF RESERVE COMMAND
Administer the reserve component of the Philippine
Army.
Provide a mobilization for reserve force as the
expansion of the army territorial units in case of war or
national emergencies.
Provide reservist to territorial units of the Philippine
Army as augmentation.
Conduct selective Pre-reservist training.
Administer and supervise local PAARU nation wide.
Conduct annual registration of reservists.
Assist in relief and rescue operations during disasters
calamities.
Assist in socio-economic activities.
Assist retiree and veterans.
 ORGANIC LIMITATION OF RESCOM:

No organic Military Police and Engineering

services capability.
Limited transportation services capability.
Limited medical support services
capability.
 AFPRESCOM
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
In accordance with Republic Act No. 7077
otherwise known as the Armed Forces of the
Philippines Reservist Act dated June 27,1991,
and in consonance with the declared policies
envisioned by the law, the General
Headquarters of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines activated the AFP Reserve
Command as AFP-wide and support unit
effective April 1, 1993.
The activation of the AFP Reserve
Command (AFPRESCOM) gave way for the
implementation of the vision of the national
leadership to develop a lean and compact
standing force and a well disciplined Citizen
Armed Force to readily provide expansion of
the AFP in event of war, invasion or
rebellion; assist the government on socio-
economic development activities; and
perform relief, rescue and rehabilitation
operations during disaster and calamities.
 OBJECTIVE OF AFPRESCOM

To develop a reserve force responsive to the

AFP needs in the event of war invasion or
rebellion;
To provide the reserve manpower and units to
assist in socio-economic development activities
of the government in relief and rescue
operations during disasters or calamities, and in
the maintenance of essential public utilities
during emergencies or disorders;
To develop, organize, train and maintain
proficiency of organic personnel to successfully
accomplish their assigned mission.
 MISSION OF AFPRESCOM
To provide direction for the development,
administration, organization, training,
maintenance and utilization of the Citizen
Armed Forces as a base for rapid
expansion of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines.
 ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP
The AFPRESCOM is headed by its Commander, and
assisted by its Deputy Commander and the following
G-Staff:
1. G1 Assistant Chief of Staff for Personnel
2. G2 Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence
3. G3 Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations
4. G4 Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics
5. G5 Assistant Chief of Staff for Civil Military
Operations
6. G6 Assistant Chief of Staff for Comptrollership
THE END
 EXAMINATION
Military Organization

Name____________ Course___________
Date_____________ Score____________
 Test I (True or False)
Instructions: Write T if the statement is true and F if
the statement is false.
_____ 1. The Chief of Staff AFP is the Commander-
in-Chief of the AFP.
_____ 2. Supervise and control over the AFP, the
National Defense Program of the country and
maintain peace and order is the Department of
National Defense.
_____ 3. President of the Philippines is the
Commander-in-of the AFP.
_____ 4. The first unified command created was the
SWESCOM.
_____5. To organize, train, equip, provide and
administer the reserve components of the
Philippine Army is the mission of RESCOM.
 Test II (Single Response)
Encircle only the letter that corresponds to your
answer

1. All organized military forces of the Commonwealth of the Philippines

were inducted into the service of Armed Forces of the United State to
form a______________ for the defense of the Philippines.
a. PHILCAG b. USAFFE c. CAFGU
2. What Executive Order issued by Pres Quirino that led to the creation of
four (4) major service commands of AFP?
a. Executive Order Nr.389 b. Executive Order Nr.398 c.
Executive Order Nr.11
3. The 1st Unified Command created was___________.
a. NORESCOM b. VISCOM c. SWESCOM
4. To conduct combined-Joint security operations is one of the mission
of_____________.
a. RUC b. Philippine Army c. ARESCOM
5. The first Governor General during Commonwealth is
_______________.
a. Gov Gen McArthur b. Gov Gen Wood c. Gov Gen Murphy
6. Common Wealth Act Nr.1, otherwise known as____________.
a. Reserve Defense Act b. Self Defense Act c. National
Defense Act
7. Affected the separation of Philippine Constabulary from the
Philippine Army is Executive Order Nr.______.
a. 153 b. 154 c 155
8. Advance the national aims, interest and policies is one of
the mission of AFP.
a. True b. False c. None of the side
9. The Philippine Army was formally organized in ________.
a. l945 b. 1936 c. l935
10. To organize, train and equip army for the conduct of prompt
and sustained land combat operations is one of the missions
of the Philippine Navy.
a. True b. False c. Trulse