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Medieval Philosophy

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Philosophy and Monotheism
From the Hellenistic Period forward,
Monotheistic Faith and Greek Philosophy
engage in a complex interchange.
Athens and Jerusalem
Pagan thought evolves into monotheism.
Monotheistic faith takes on the charge of
reasoning out the truth.
Christianity in particular comes about in the
collision of monotheistic faith and Greek thought.
Medieval Philosophy
Consolidates the dialectic of Greek and
Jew.
Reasons out a philosophy in which faith is
a constitutive element.
A tension between faith and reason
ensues: what is the precise relationship
between the two? How is one to live a life
of faith, not betraying it but rather
enriching it with Greek reason
An Aporia between Faith and
Reason?
Is there a faith that is required for which no
justification can be given?

Is there an obedience we must pledge before we


can know its meaning?

Or

Must all that we believe ultimately be justified in


reason?
Types of Faith
EmmunahA confidence in ones
undeniable commitment to a living G-d.
PistisA certainty about particular truths,
doctrinal assertions about the nature of G-
d and the created world.
ShariaA mode of living that is social in
nature and expresses all aspects of ones
submission to G-d.
Jew, Christian, Muslim
OrthopraxyJewish faith emphasizes a code of
conduct, of practices in regard to ones fellow
humans and G-d.
OrthodoxyChristian faith emphasizes a code
of belief, of doctrines in regard to ones soul and
ones G-d.
OrthosocialityIslamic faith flourishes as a
mode of living, of law arrived at through social
intercourse infused with the inspiration of Allah.
Course Organization I
Study of Religious Roots to Medieval
ThoughtMoses and Jesus
Late Ancient ThoughtThe pagan
monotheism of Plotinus
Biblical Hermeneuticshow does the bible
become a text about which one can
reason? Philo, the Rabbis, Paul, Justin
Martyr.
Course Organization II
Contemporary Philosophical application of
Biblical Hermeneutics by Emmanuel Levinas.
AugustineTransitional figure between Neo-
Platonism and Christian Philosophy:
Reformulating pagan questions in Christian
terms.
Early Christian Systematic Thinkersthe
emergence of the problem of substantiality.
Course Organization III
Aristotles impact on Arabic Philosophy
the rethinking of the souls substantiality.
Maimonides response to Aristotlethe
substantiality of G-d as transcending all
earthly terms.
Prophetic Imagination in Arabic and
Jewish Philosophy
Course Organization IV
Aquinas on the substantiality of the human
soul and analogical knowledge of G-d.
Meister Eckhardt and Martin Heidegger.
Rethinking the significance of G-ds
transcendence. Releasement,
Important Dates
Alexandrine Conquest 335-323 BCE
Birth of Philo 20 BCE
Birth of Jesus 0 CE
Fall of the Second Temple 70 CE
Rabbinical Mishnah Written 70 CE-c. 200 CE
Birth of Justin Martyr100 CE
Talmud Written c. 200 CE-c. 500 CE
Birth of Plotinus205 CE
Important Dates
Conversion of the Emperor Constatine-312 CE
Birth of Augustine354 CE
Sacks of Rome 387, 410, 455, 546 CE
Birth of Mohammed 570 CE
Loss of the Arab World to Christianity632-750 CE
Andalusian Caliphate 711-1492 CE
Battle of Tours 732 CE
Aristotle introduced to Islamic World c. 800 CE
Birth of Avicenna 980 CE
Birth of Maimonides 1138 CE
Birth of Aquinas 1225 CE
Birth of Eckhardt 1260 CE

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