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C-CF Introduction to Antenna

ISSUE 3.0

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 The antenna builds the bridge between user terminals
and base control devices in mobile communications
field. It is widely used in the mobile communications
and the wireless access system.
The rapid development of the antenna greatly
promotes its technology innovation.
It is important to deeply grasp the antenna technology,
which is useful to:
Install and maintain products.
Promote the network planning.

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Target

After learning the course, you can learn the following

items:
Working principle
Antenna classification
Electrical index and mechanical index

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 Chapter 1 Working Principle

Chapter 2 Classification

Chapter 3 Electrical Index

Chapter 4 Mechanical Index

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 Diagram of the base antenna and feeder system
1 Adjusting bracket

Antenna pole (50~114mm)

3 Weather-proof connection PVC material ,

Insulation sealing tape, PVC insulation tape

Board-like antenna

4 Grounding device
Main feeder (7/8)

9 Indoor super flexible jumper

2 Outdoor feeder

8 Lightning arrester
6 Cabling Rack (Frame) 5 Feeder fixing clip

7 Cable-through window Main equipment of BTS

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Working Principle
When the conducting cable carries the alternating
current, the electromagnetic wave radiation can be
formed.
If two conducting cables are close, the directions of
their current are opposite, and the electromotive force is
counteracted, the radiation becomes week.
If two conducting cables are open, the directions of
their current are the same. Thus the radiation becomes
strong.

When the length of the conducting cable is like the

wavelength, the current on the cable will be enhanced.
Thus the radiation becomes strong.
The straight conducting cable which can generate the
strong radiation is called the dipole.
The pole whose two arms are of the same length (1/4
Wavelength) is called as dipole or half-wave-length
dipole.

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Half-Wave length Dipole

The pole whose two arms are of the same length (1/4 Wavelength) is called as dipole
or half-wavelength dipole.

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Inside Structure of Antenna

What is happen in these antennas?

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 Chapter 1 Working Principle

Chapter 2 Classification

Chapter 3 Electrical Index

Chapter 4 Mechanical Index

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Classification: Based on Radiation Direction

Directional antenna Omni antenna

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Classification: Based on Figure

Board-like antenna Cap-like antenna

Indoor distribution system

Scourge-like antenna Paraboloid-like antenna

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Classification: Based on Polarization Mode

Single-Polarized Dual-Polarized

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 horizontally polarized: E phasor (electric field phasor [vector]) is parallel to the earth/horizontal plane
Vertically polarized: E vector parallel to vertical plane

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 Chapter 1 Working Principle

Chapter 2 Classification

Chapter 3 Electrical Index

Chapter 4 Mechanical Index

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Electrical Index

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 The units of the antenna gain are dBi and dBd.
dBi: Gain based on the isotropic radiator reference / dBd: Gain based on the dipole reference

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 dBi = dBd + 2.15

+
Pattern of half-wave dipole

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 HPBW (Half Power Beam width)

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 Patterns of typical base station antennas

Base Station Direction Antenna Pattern

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Mechanical Down Tilt and Electrical Down Tilt
Mechanical down tilt

Mechanical down tilt Limitations: It is recommend that mechanical down tilt is less than 15 degrees
Electrical down tilt

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 Normal Value: VSWR<1.5dB ; RL(dB)<13.98dB

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 Forward: 10W
50 ohms 80 9.5 W
Back: 0.5W ohms
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 Chapter 1 Working Principle

Chapter 2 Classification

Chapter 3 Electrical Index

Chapter 4 Mechanical Index

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Mechanical Index

Antenna input

Antenna size

Antenna weight

Wind load

Working temperature

Humidity

Thunderbolt protection

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Other: Coaxial Distribution Antenna System

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Questions

What are the types of the antennas by signal radiation? What are the
types of the antennas by appearance?
What are the main electrical indexes of the antenna?

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Course Summary

Working principle
Summary Classification
Electrical index
Mechanical index

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Thank you
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