Innate Immunity

Suzan Matar (PhD medical microbiology &

Immunology)
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences
 Pathogens
(microorganisms
and viruses)

INNATE IMMUNITY Barrier defenses:

Skin
Recognition of traits Mucous membranes
shared by broad ranges Secretions
of pathogens, using a
small set of receptors
Internal defenses:
Rapid response Phagocytic cells
Antimicrobial proteins
Inflammatory response
Natural killer cells

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY Humoral response:

Antibodies defend against
Recognition of traits infection in body fluids.
specific to particular
pathogens, using a vast Cell-mediated response:
array of receptors Cytotoxic lymphocytes defend
against infection in body cells.
Slower response
 Proteins involved

Complements

Acute Phase Proteins

Interferons
 Goals of innate immune system

Eliminate the foreign substances and pathogens

Inflammation

Generating antigen specific acquired immune

responses that ultimately give rise to long term
immunity.
Phagocytosis
Activated Macrophages secrete proteins
that drive innate response

TNF-

IL-1

IL-6

IL-12
Stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis /
Killing
 Inflammation

A major way by which the innate immune

system deals with infections and tissue injury is
to stimulate acute inflammation, which is the
accumulation of leukocytes, plasma proteins,
and fluid derived from the blood at an
extravascular tissue site of infection or injury.
Inflammation

Response to tissue injury through the release of

chemical signals (inflammatory mediators
vasoactive and chemotactic factors)

Histamine
Bradykinin
Prostaglandins

Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability,

influx of phagocytic cells
 Inflammation
The four cardinal, i.e., classic
signs of inflammation:
Rubor (redness) Calor (heat)
Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain)
and the 5th (functio laesa) in case of
chronic inflammation
Septic Shock

A complication of severe bacterial sepsis

Caused by LPS released from gram-negative
bacteria or lipoteichoic acid released from gram-
positive bacteria. (TLA signaling)
TNF, IL12, IL1, IFN
Characterized by vascular collapse,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, and
metabolic disturbances.
 DURING SOME INFECTIONS

CERTAIN COMPONENTS OF INVADING MICROBES

PHAGOCYTIC CELL
INTERLEUKIN - 1 PRODUCE

WHICH

ACTS AS CHEMICAL MESSENGER WHICH TELLS

HYPOTHALAMUS THAT INFECTION IS OCCURRING

BODY TEMPERATURE RAISED



Fever

Thermal set point altered in hypothalamus

Induced by pyrogens

Exogenous pyrogens

Endotoxins of Gram negative bacteria

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

Group A streptococcal erythrogenic toxin

Endogenous pyrogens

IL-1 (made by macrophages)

TNF-alpha

IL-6
The Complement System
Serum proteins
activated in a cascade.
Proteolytic activity

Figure 16.10