PNUEMATIC SYSTEMS

CONTROL ENGINEERING
PREPARED BY:-
AADITYA A PATEL- 130010119001
CHAUHAN JAY BIPINKUMAR-130010119015
DABHI YOGESH J- 130010119017
MEHTA YAGNESH S- 130010119055

SUBMITTED TO:-
KRUNAL SIR
 Pneumatic systems
Pneumatic systems similar to hydraulic
systems.
Use compressed air as working fluid
rather than hydraulic liquid.
70psi - 150psi, much lower than
hydraulic system pressures, much lower
forces than hydraulic actuators.
Energy can be stored in high pressure
tanks.
Open systems, always processing new
air.
Pneumatic systems

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Constant force Difficult to achieve position

Clean (food industry) control (compressible air)
No return lines needed Noisy
Adaptable infrastructure
Possible light, mobile
pneumatic systems
Fast system response
Key components of Pneumatic system

Pump/Compressor
Pressure regulator
Valve
Actuator
 Valves
Infinite position valve as shown in figure on right:
allows any position between open and closed to
modulate flow or pressure
Finite position valve:
has discrete positions, usually just open and
closed.
Ports: inlet and outlet connections to valve
Finite position valve usually specified as x/y valve
x: number of ports (sum of inlets and outlets)
y: number of positions
4/3 valve: 4 ports and 3 positions
 Types of Valves
Types: Spool,
poppet, ball,
butterfly valves,
etc.
Valve symbols
4 PORTS/3 POSITIONS SOLENOID SPOOL VALVE
Example:
Pneumatic lift system (analogous to car jack)
Pneumatic actuators

Cylinders with piston driven by

pressurized fluid
Single acting cylinder (SAC)
Double acting cylinder (DAC)
Two well-defined endpoints
Rotary
Key parameters in choosing air cylinders
Stroke length
Bore size
Force
Pressure rating
Mounting style
Return type (SAC vs. DAC)
Spring force in SAC
Loads
Temperature range
Lubrication
Material Compatibility
Example 1: LEGO house builder
Weight
Stroke
Speed
Force
Accurate positioning
not required
Example 2: Anti-Lock Braking System
Regular Automobile Breaking System Includes:
Hydraulic actuation
Pneumatic power assist
ABS includes additional features:
sensors
valves
hydraulic pump
control unit
Pneumatic Power Assist
Brakes applied
Opens check valve to pressurize one
side of diaphragm
Pressure difference assist in applying
braking force
Pushes pistons in master cylinder

Brakes released
Check valve closes and engine vacuum
is again applied to both chambers
REFERENCES

Modern Control Engineering by Ogata

Controlling Engineering by D Ganesh Rao
Google images