DAIRY FARMING

IN DENMARK
Dairy farmingis a class ofagriculturefor long-term
production ofmilk, which isprocessed(either on
thefarmor at a dairy plant, either of which may be called
adairy) for eventual sale of adairy product.
Denmark has some privately owned dairies, but 97% of the
milk is now supplied to co-operative dairy companies. The
Danish cows produce far more milk than consumed in the
domestic market, so more than 2/3 of the total Danish milk
pool go into export products. This share places Denmark
among the worlds top five dairy exporting nations.
 HISTORY OF DAILRY FARMING IN
DENMARK
Archaeological excavations and finds from the stone age show that
more than 4,000 years B.C. the first Danes began to burn down
forests in order to cultivate land and to keep livestock. The first cattle
was probably wild oxen, which were caught and kept in a close. The
Vikings kept cows, and medieval frescos show women churning
butter. From early on, dairy products formed part of the farmers
tithes to his king, church and lord of the manor. During the 16th and
17th centuries the Danes became increasingly skilled in dairy
production, eg King Christian IVs letters show that the court farms
were well informed about dairy layouts and equipment.
Developments gained further momentum in the
18th century, particularly in the manors. Here
production was stepped up in order to meet the
growing demand from the towns where the
population as well as the standard of living
were rising. Following the introduction of the
agrarian reforms at the end of the century
ordinary farmers joined in. Especially butter
was produced for resale and in the mid-19th
century growing volumes found their way to
foreign markets.
In 1882 a group of Jutland farmers decided to
join forces to set up a dairy on a co-operative
basis. This would allow them to rationalize
dairy operations, to afford buying modern
production equipment and to hire skilled dairy
professionals. This in turn enabled them to
supply high-quality products and to fetch
higher prices.
The farmers committed to supplying their entire milk production to the
dairy in return for a claim on the profits according to their milk supply.
Consequently, a rich farmer with many cows would take home more
money than a farmer with a small herd, but at the general assembly
they would be equal: one man - one vote. The co-operative movement
was democracy at work.

The co-operative idea soon spread across the country and in 1900 there
were more than 1,000 co-operative dairies in Denmark. Without any
sort of central management or control they managed, in a matter of just
few years, to reshape a large share of the agricultural production, and
the dairy industry found a setting, which has largely applied ever since.
 DANISH DAIRY INDUSTRY
Exports of dairy products account for more than 20 percent of all Danish agricultural exports.
The Danish dairy industry consists of the international dairy group Arla Foods and 30 smaller
dairy companies, together processing 4.7 billion kg milk from a total of 61 production plants in
Denmark.
Cooperatively owned by Danish and Swedish milk producers, Arla Foods is Europes largest
dairy group. The Arla group processes more than 90 percent of the Danish and two thirds of
the Swedish milk pool. It also runs dairy operations in a number of other countries, with Arla
UK plc as its biggest business.
The remaining 30 Danish dairies are evenly distributed between cooperatively and privately
owned companies. The small dairies typically specialise in various product areas within cheese,
butter and liquid milk production. A large part of their production is exported by specialised
exporters.
The value of all Danish dairy exports totals EUR 1.8 billion annually. The domestic market
is, to a large extent, a market for domestic dairy production, although imported cheese
and yoghurt now account for approx. 25 percent and 20 percent, respectively, of total
domestic consumption. The market shareof foreign milk remains moderate.
Like the processing sector, the Danish milk producers have seen tremendous structural
change, with production now taking place on a small number of large farms. In 2010,
approx. 4,100 dairy farmers each had an average of 127 cows and a milk quota of 1,142
tonnes. This places the Danish dairy farmers among the largest and most modern in
Europe.More than half the cows live in new loose-housing systems.
Exports of dairy products, in particular cheese, preserved milk products and butter,
account for more than 20 percent of all Danish agricultural exports. The largest market
for Danish dairy products is the other EU countries.
 .By
Harleen
Kaur(Class: 8th A 2)
(Roll No: 8)