Two types:-

1. MIRACLE MIX GIC[silver alloy

admix]:
-spherical amalgam alloy powder is mixed with
type II GIC.
- liquid: aq. Solution of polyacrylic acid
- Developed by Dr. Siemens
- Amalgam substitute for safety against mercury.
- Properties was inferior to dental amalgam.
 CS: 180-200 Mpa
TS: 10 Mpa
Chemical adhesion to tooth structure.
Anticariogenic property present
Finishing of restoration can be done after 15-20
min.

NOTE:-
In miracle mix the silver tin alloy particles did not
adhere strongly into the cement matrix but
acted as a filler to improve the mechanical
properties of GIC.
 Used a s core build up material.
In treatment of high caries incidence

DRAWBACK
-Poor esthetics [due to silver tin amalgam alloy].
-Inferior mechanical properties when compared to
amalgam
-Low abrasion resistance
2. GLASS CERMET CEMENT:-
- Developed by Dr. Maclean.
- Contains glass powder particles fused to
silver particles through sintering.

ADVANTAGES
CS: 180-200 Mpa
TS: 6-7 Mpa
Improved abrasive resistance
Anticariogenic property present
Excellent biocompatibility with pulp
Chemical adhesion to tooth structure
COTE similar to tooth structure
 Low fracture resistance due to brittleness.

MANIPULATION
Supplied in disposable capsules that contain glass
powder , metal powder, and dry polyacrylic acid.
A foil envelope within the capsule contains
distilled water.

Mixing is done in a high speed vibrator

 Structure of set cement consist of unreacted
glass particles to which silver is fused and
held together by metal salt matrix.

- Ideal material for core build up

- Restoration of deciduous teeth
- Can be used as a lining under composite resins
for chemical bonding
 Conventional GIC are moisture sensitive and
have low early strength, due to slow acid base
reaction.
To overcome these drawbacks , some
polymerisable functional groups [resins] have
been added to impart additional curing process
and allow the bulk of matrix to set through acid
base reaction, dual cure system.
 ALTERNATIVE NAMES:
- Resin ionomer [resinomer]
- Compomers [combination of composite resin
and GI]
- Hybrid ionomer
- Dual cure glass ionomer [ material set by acid
base reaction and light activated polymerisation]
- Tri cure glass ionomer cement [ 3 types of
hardening reaction takes place]
acid base
light curing polymerization
chemical cure polymerization
 ACID BASE REACTION has advantage- fluoride
release, chemical adhesion, biocompatibility
LIGHT CURING POLYMERIZATION REACTION has
advantage- improved physical properties
command set, immediate finishing and extended
working time.
CHEMICAL CURE POLYMERISATION REACTION
has advantages- bulk placement is possible and
controlled working and setting time.
POWDER
- Contains ion leachable glass with fluorides +
resin matrix [BISGMA] + coupling agents
[organosilanes] + initiators [light, chemical or
both]
- Initiators for chemical curing- benzoyl
peroxide
- light curing- camphoroquinone
LIQUID
Aq. solution of polyacrylic acid or polyacrylic
acid modified with methacrylate and HEMA,
chemical accelerator [N-N dimethyl
paratoluidene] and light activator [ dimethyl
amino ethyl methacrylate]
 Occurs by polymerization of methacrylate
groups.
Slow acid base reaction will be responsible for
maturing process and final strength
 Anticariogenic - release fluorides
Pulpal response- mild
CS- 105 Mpa
TS- 20 Mpa
Surface hardness- 40 KHN
Chemical adhesion to tooth structure
Exhibit greater degree of shrinkage due to setting
via polymerization
Susceptible to dehydration and water sorption
which produces dimensional changes
Reduction in translucency due to difference
between refractive indices between powder and
resin matrix.
 Liner under composite resin
Core build up material
Fissure sealant
Cement base material
Cementation of orthodontic bands
 In this technique GIC act as dentin bonding
agent and composite resin as restorative
material.
Bonding between GIC and resin surface is due
to penetration of resin into surface
irregularities of etched enamel and cement
surface
Setting of resin gives mechanical interlocking.
This technique is applicable to cervical and
posterior composites.
 GIC
[Chemical bonding to dentin, prevent marginal
leakage, act as dentin bonding agent]
COMPOSITE RESIN
[Restorative material replacing dentin, adheres
to GIC by bonding acid etch technique,
superior mechanical properties]
 FUGI VII- World first high fluoride non resin
containing auto cure GIC.
- Excellent material for prevention of caries.
FUGI VIII & FUGI IX- high viscosity GIC
- Used in ART[restoration of tooth with minimal
cavity preparation or minimal instrumentation]

ADVANTAGES
- Easily packable and condensable
- Early moisture sensitivity is reduced
- Non sticky
- Can be carved out immediately, rapid finishing
- Improved wear resistance
- Low solubility in oral fluids

INDICATIONS
- Molar restoration in deciduous teeth
- Core build up material
- Fugi VII has good esthetics[anterior restorative
material]
- Fugi IX used for posterior restorative material
 Latest advancement in resin modified GIC
Some nanoparticles and nano clusters are added
to Fluoro alumino silicate glass.

PROPERTIES:-
- Improved polishability and optical
characterstics.
USES:-
- Restoration of deciduous teeth
- Small class I,II &IV cavities
- Temporary restoration, sandwich technique