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Light
Defensive
Driving
Vehicle
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Defensive Driving: ?
It is the driving to save lives, time & money in-
spite of the conditions around you and the actions
of others.
Conditions: Roads, weather, traffic, light etc.
Actions of others: Violations, discourtesy, lack of
knowledge of other Drivers etc.
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS:
Every 8th minute, there is 01 road casualty in India.
There are 11 accidents for every 1000 vehicles.
Every year out of 01 lacs unnatural deaths in India,
nearly 68000 (more than 34%) are due to road
accidents.
Mostly males, who are earning members in the
family, die.
SPOTS OF ACCIDENTS:
Uncontrolled junction
Bus stop
Gaps within Road Dividers
On street Parking places
Building access (while reversing)
Road Bend
National Highway
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
STOP
Do not cause stop next
Accidents need to be stopped
By whom ?
How ? By defensive driving.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
ROAD SPACE
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata & International Standard;
No Footpath
No Zebra Crossing
They cross out of zebra crossing
Bus Stops not provided
Walk in groups
Creating fun on the road
They do not walk facing the incoming traffic
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Animals:
Vehicles:
DRIVER
Low education level
Inadequate training
Easily obtained License
Lack of knowledge of rules & regulations
Long working hours fatigue
Health fitness is poor
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DRIVER
Drinking habits
Emotional stress
Over confidence in driving
Seeing Ability:
-Colour blindness
-40% elderly drivers can not see road signs at night.
-10 to 30 times more illumination level is required to
see at night.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DRIVER
Physical stress
Illumination
Knowledge and skill
Attitude
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
ROAD MARKING
Central Line
Lane line
Double while lines
Stop lines
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Centre line
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
88
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Cautionary Informatory
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Mandatory Signs:-
Cautionary Signs:-
Informatory Signs:-
TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Stop
Ready
Go
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Stop
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Sign of Fatigue
Constant yawning
Driving across the lane
Eyes closing
Difficulties in keeping head up
Increase/ decrease of speed
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Mental Stress
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
LOADING
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
RESULT OF OVERLOADING
Damage to the Road
Stress on axle, steering, wheels, brakes & chesis
Physical stress to the driver causing fatigue
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Radial Radial
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Ordinary Ordinary
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Radial Ordinary
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DRUGS
Effects;
discuss
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
EMERGENCIES
Bursting of tyres
Accelerator sticks
Skidding
Brake failure
Bonnet flies up
Vehicle stalls
Running off the road
Fire
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
BREAKDOWN
Inform convoy supervisor
Switch on warning lights
Keep vehicle away from movement of traffic
Display warning triangle
Apply hand brake
Convoy supervisor will inform to the control room
Control room will inform emergency breakdown
control point.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
MECHANICAL FAILURE
Brake failure
What to do?
Tyre burst
What to do?
Sudden loss of acceleration
What to do?
Bonnet flies up
What to do?
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
FIRE
Disconnect the battery.
Discuss, what to do?
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Inform police;
-if to man
-if to animal
-in case of Fire
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
PEDESTRIANS
They walk on the roads and have risks.
Safety hints for pedestrians;
Use footpath, keep away from the edge of the
carriage way.
If no footpath, walk on the extreme edge on the
road facing oncoming traffic.
Watch pot holes, fruit skins and other obstacles on
the road.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
PEDESTRIANS
Never play on the road and footpath.
Use footwear to avoid injury from glass pieces, nails,
etc.
At night/ dark cloudy weather, wear light colour
clothes.
Never accept a ride from strangers.
While crossing the road, use the zebra crossing, if a
zebra crossing is not available, choose a safe point
where traffic is clearly visible on both the sides.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
PEDESTRIANS
Never cross a blind curve
Five steps for crossing a road;
1. Stop at the curve
2. Look to your right
3. Look to your left
4. Look to your right again
5. If the road is clear, walk straight across. Do not
run.
PEDESTRIANS
Manned
Unmanned
Indicators provided
Collision is common
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
COLLISION
Slow down
Their behaviour is unpredictable
Give them priority
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
VEHICLE BEHIND
You are equally responsible from a cross from
behind a vehicle.
Keep watch through rear view mirror.
Indicate them by indicator or by hand.
Avoid sudden stop.
Allow the vehicle to pass/ dont increase your speed.
If the vehicle does not pass, slow down.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
OVERTAKING
Most accidents happen while overtaking/ being
overtaken.
You may have head on collision & a side sweep or
run off the road.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DO NOT OVERTAKE
On a marked NO OVERTAKING ZONE.
On curves
On hills
100 meters before & at railway crossing or cross
roads.
A vehicle, slowing down to give way to
pedestrians
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DISCOURTESY
Excess speed
Reckless passing
Crossing the lane
Blocking the traffic
Excessive horn
Wrong signaling
These are in your hand.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
COOPERATIVE DRIVING
Not blocking the intersection
Using signals while turning or changing the lane
Not following too closely
Smooth driving
Changing the lane correctly
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
SCHEDULE DELAY
Plan your trip, this will reduce driving time.
Hurry leads to mistakes and accidents
Beware of bad weather, traffic conditions & route.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
ATTITUDE
Willing to admit mistakes
Tolerance towards the mistakes of others
Respect for the law
Respect for other road users
Courtesy
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DAILY INSPECTIONS:
Leakage of Oil, hydraulic oil & fuel
Oil, hydraulic oils & water levels
Lights & indicators
Horn
Reverse horn & lights
Wipers
Tyre pressure
Jack, wooden plate & spare parts
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
DAILY INSPECTIONS:
Presence of safety equipments
Brakes
Tyres
Fire extinguishers
Rear view mirrors
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
CONCLUSION
As a defensive driver, you must be always
alert on the road.