Understanding

plagiarism
Ye plagiarism ka question hai ok
 What is Plagiarism?
The word plagiarize actually comes from the
Latin plagi rereto kidnap.
Taking and using the thoughts, writings, and inventions
of another person as one's own.
Using someones ideas without citing or quoting;
thereby, receiving credit for someone elses intellectual
effort.
This can apply to anything, from term papers to
photographs to songs, even ideas!
How serious is the problem?
A study of almost 4,500 students at 25 schools, suggests
cheating is . . . a significant problem in high school - 74%
of the respondents admitted to one or more instances of
serious test cheating and 72% admitted to serious
cheating on written assignments. Over half of the
students admitted they have engaged in some level of
plagiarism on written assignments using the Internet.

Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers University

Source: CIA Research. Center for Academic Integrity, Duke University, 2003.
 Why is this a problem?
For the student
failure to achieve academic learning, treated
as academic misconduct
For the teacher
a waste of time
For the institution
threat to reputation and value of degrees.
Quality assurance, regulations, and legislative
context.
Common Reasons for Plagiarism
Its okay if Everyone does it!
I dont get caught!

This assignment
I was too busy to write that paper!
was BORING!
(Job, big game, too much homework!)

Ive got to get

into
??? U.!
My teachers
expect Poor
My parents
too much! Communication expect As!
skills
 Types of plagiarism
1) Clone: Word-for-word as ones own.
2) CTRL-C: Significant portions of text from a single
source without alterations.
3) Findreplace: The act of changing only key words and
phrases
4) Remix: An act of paraphrasing from other sources and
making the content fit together seamlessly.
5) Recycle: Ones own previous work without citation
Cont
6) Hybrid: The act of combining perfectly cited sources
with copied passageswithout citation.
7) Mash up: A mix of copied material from several
different sources without proper citation.
8) 404 Error: A written piece that includes citations to
non-existent or inaccurate information about sources.
9) Aggregator: The Aggregator includes proper
citation, but the paper contains almost no original work.
10) Re-tweet: Proper citation, but relies too closely on the
texts original wording/structure.
 Clone CTRL-C Findreplace Remix Recycle

Word-for- Significant Changing Paraphrasing Previous

word portions key words & from other work without
without Phrases sources citation
alterations

Types of plagiarism
Hybrid Mash up 404 Error Aggregator Re-tweet

Combining Mix of copied Inaccurate Proper citation Relies on the

cited sources material information but no original texts original
with copied about sources work wording/struct
passages ure
 How to avoid plagiarism

Use quotes for:

Information that comes directly from any source.
Words, spoken or written, that you use directly from another
person.

Make sure you document the source

 How to avoid plagiarism
Take notes in your own words.
Indicate in your note-taking when adding your comments.
Note page number!
Keep track of all bibliographic information and the date
you retrieved the information if from the Web.
How to avoid plagiarism
Paraphrase
Write the information in your own words, but do not change
its meaning or intention

Because you are using someone elses idea, always mention

the source even if you use your own words
 Common knowledge
Any information, fact, or statement that is widespread and
known by a variety of people is considered common knowledge

John Adams was the second president of USA

The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

There is no need to give credit to information that is of common

knowledge
When should I cite?
Is it your idea? Yes

NO

Is it common knowledge? Do not cite

No

Cite it!!
Accidental plagiarism
Using words from another source without indicating where
they came from.

Ways to avoid accidental plagiarism:

Careful note taking
A clear understanding of the rules for quoting,
paraphrasing, and summarizing sources
When in doubt, cite.
Preventing Plagiarism
When you suspect plagiarism
Ask librarian for help (other sources beyond free web)
Pick an unusual string of words and search on Google, All the
Web, AltaVista
five or six words in quotation marks
Ask the student why certain phrases or words were used, or to
identify location of a specific fact.
Check to see if all citations are listed in Works Cited
Check for inconsistencies in font, bibliographic format, text size,
layout, and question them
Does the paper not exactly match the assignment?
Chat with other teachers about the students work
Tools for Plagiarism Detection
When you suspect plagiarism
Ask librarian for help (other sources beyond free web)
Pick an unusual string of words and search on Google, All the
Web, AltaVista
five or six words in quotation marks
Ask the student why certain phrases or words were used, or to
identify location of a specific fact.
Check to see if all citations are listed in Works Cited
Check for inconsistencies in font, bibliographic format, text size,
layout, and question them
Does the paper not exactly match the assignment?
Chat with other teachers about the students work
 Penalties for teachers,
researchers and staff
Dismissal from service
Demotion to the next lower grade
Warning
Freezing of research grants
Promotions/annual increments of the offender may be stopped
University may debar the offender from sponsorship of research
funding, travel grant, supervision of Ph.D. students, scholarship,
fellowship or any other funded program
Offender may be Black Listed and may NOT be eligible for
employment in any academic / research organization
Notification of Black Listing of the author may be published in the
print media or may be publicized on different websites
Penalties for students
Expelled/ rusticated from the University and from joining any
institution of Higher Education.
Relegated to a lower class
Given a failure grade in the subject
Fined an amount
Given a written warning if the offence is minor and is committed for
the first time
Degree may be withdrawn
Notification of plagiarism by the author may be published in the print
media or may be publicized on different websites
University may debar the offender from sponsorship of research
funding, travel grant, scholarship, fellowship or any other funded
program
 Conclusion
Be conscious and create consciousness for research ethics
Create awareness about intellectual integrity and reputation of
individuals, institutions.
Prepare, publish and promote ethics and values in your university
Define and discuss what plagiarism is
Include a plagiarism policy in your syllabus
Determine students level of knowledge in paraphrasing, citing,
summarizing and using manual
Review research process and note-taking techniques
Enhance academic writing skills, establish writing centers
Require students to schedule research sessions with librarians and
faculty advisors'/writing center
Any question
Thank you