Radiation heat transfer without

participating medium

Surface resistance to radiation

Space resistance to radiation
Network method
Example

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 Assumptions

The surfaces of an enclosure are opaque, diffuse and gray.

Opaque: Nontransparent surface, 0 ;
Diffuse: Diffuse emitter & diffuse reflector, i.e., independent
of direction;
Gray: Radiation properties are independent of wavelength.
The medium between the surfaces are clear to radiation
Nonparticipating medium: Never emit, absorb or scatter
radiation;
Air at normal pressure & temperature is very close to a
nonparticipating medium.

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 Net radiation heat transfer to/from a surface

Radiosity from a diffuse & gray surface

J i i Eb,i
G
1 i
Surface Resistance to radiation, Ri Surface Resistance

Ai i Ebi J i 1 i 2

Qi Ebi J i (W) Ri
Ai i
m
1 i Ri 3
 Radiation network associated with one single
surface

Electrical circuits Radiation network

Ebi J i
Qi (W )
Ohms law: Surface i Ri
( i , Ai ,Ti )
U1 U 2
I 1 i 2

( Ampere)
R Ri m
Ai i

Surface resistance

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 Two special surfaces: surface resistance to
radiation
Blackbody:
1 1 A J G A E G (W )
R1 = 0 J i Ebi Ti 4 Qi i i i i bi i

Reradiating surface: reradiate all radiation energy it receives, e.g.,

insulated surfaces;

Q i 0 J i Ebi Ti 4 i (plays no role in calculation)

The temperature of such a surface (e.g., a surface whose back side is

well insulated) under steady condition can be determined once its
radiosity Ji is known.
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 Net radiation heat transfer between two
surfaces
Radiation leaving Radiation leaving

Qi j entire surface i entire surface j

that stikes surface j that stikes surface i

Qi j Ai J i Fi j A j J j F j i

Applying the reciprocity rule, AiFi j = AjFji , yields space

resistance Ri j

Ji J j
Qi j Ai Fi j J i J j
1
W Ri j
Ri j Ai Fi j
Space Resistance
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 Net radiation heat transfer between N
surface enclosure
In an N-surface enclosure, the conservation of energy principle
requires that the net heat transfer from surface i be equal to the
sum of the net heat transfers from surface i to each of the N
surfaces of the enclosure. That is,

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 Methods of Solving Radiation Problems
There are two methods commonly used to solve radiation problems :
1) for surfaces with specified heat transfer rates,
2) for surfaces with specified temperatures.

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Radiation network associated with a two-surface
enclosure

Surface i Surfacej i
( i , Ai ,Ti ) ( j, Aj ,Tj )
1 i 1 1 j
Ri Ri j Rj
Ai i Ai Fi j Aj j

Ebi J i Ji J j Ebj J j
Qi Qi j
Qj
Ri Ri j Rj

Q i Q i j Q j
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 Radiation Heat Transfer
in Three-Surface Enclosures

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 Notes for special surface
Blackbody:
1 1 A J G A E G (W )
R1 = 0 J i Ebi Ti 4 Qi i i i i bi i

Reradiating surface: reradiate all radiation energy it receives, e.g.,

insulated surfaces;

Q i 0 J i Ebi Ti 4 i (plays no role in calculation)

The temperature of such a surface (e.g., a surface whose back side is

well insulated) under steady condition can be determined once its
radiosity Ji is known.
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Two parallel plates 0.5 by 1.0 m are spaced 0.5 m apart. One
plate is maintained at 1000C and the other at 500C. The
emissivities of the plates are 0.2 and 0.5, respectively. The plates
are located in a very large room, the walls of which are
maintained at 27C. The plates exchange heat with each other
and with the room, but only the plate surfaces facing each other
are to be considered in the analysis.
Find the net heat transfer rate to each plate and the room;
neglect other modes of heat transfer, i.e., conduction and
convection.
Assumptions:
Diffuse, gray, and opaque surfaces and steady-state heat transfer.
Solution:
This is a three-body problem, the two plates and room. The
radiation network is shown below. 35
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