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Of The Cell
Organic Inorganic
compound compound
Sebatian
kimia
Sebatian Sebatian
organik Bukan Organik
Lipids
Form phospholipids
As a solvent for bilayer of plasma
vitamin A,D,E,K. membrane
Lipid
Menghasilkan
Sebagai pelarut dwilapisan fosfolipid
vitamin A,D,E,K. membran plasma.
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
DNA
Pentose sugar
Basic Unit Structure
ITeach Biology Form 4
Bab 4 Komposisi Kimia Sel
Kumpulan fosfat
Bes bernitrogen
DNA
Gula pentosa
Struktur Unit Asas
ITeach Biologi Tingkatan 4
Chapter 4 Chemical Composition Of The Cell
Polar molecule consist of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Helps in lubrication.
water
Acts as a medium for biochemical
reactions.
Molekul berpolar yang mempunyai dua atom hidrogen dan satu atom
oksigen
Sebagai pelincir.
Air
Bertindak sebagai medium untuk tindak
balas biokimia.
4.2 Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Types of carbohydrates
Karbohidrat
Jenis-jenis Karbohidrat
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Karbohidrat
Monosakarida
Carbohydrates
Karbohidrat
Carbohydrates
Condensation
1 Glucose + glucose Maltose + water
Hydrolysis
Condensation
2 Glucose + fructose Sucrose + water
Hydrolysis
Condensation
3 Glucose + galactose Lactose + water
Hydrolysis
Karbohidrat
Kondensasi
1 Glukosa + glukosa Maltosa + air
Hidrolisis
Kondensasi
2 Glukosa + fruktosa Sukrosa + air
Hidrolisis
Kondensasi
3 Glukosa + galaktosa Laktosa + air
Hidrolisis
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
Karbohidrat
Polisakarida
Contoh polisakarida:
Kanji
Glikogen
Selulosa
4.3 Proteins
Proteins
Proteins
Polypeptide chain is when more amino acids linked together to form long
chains of amino acids.
Protein
Protein
Dibina daripada asid amino yang digabung bersama oleh ikatan peptida.
Dipeptida: Dua asid amino yang digabung bersama oleh ikatan peptida.
Proteins
Protein Structures
Protein
Proteins
Protein
4.4 Lipids
Lipids
Fats
Triglycerides
Oil
condensation
+ + 3H2O
hydrolysis
Lipid
Lemak
Trigliserida
Minyak
kondensasi
+ + 3H2O
hidrolisis
Lipids
Fatty acids
(-C-C-) (-C=C-)
Lipid
Asid lemak
4.5 Enzymes
Enzymes
Enzim
Enzymes
Made up of proteins.
General
Small amount of enzyme needed to produce large
Characteristics
amount of substrate molecules.
of Enzymes
Reversible reaction:
Enzyme
Substrates Products
Enzim
Enzymes
Example :
Substrate Enzyme
Lactose Lactase
Sucrose Sucrase
Lipid Lipase
Enzim
Contoh :
Substrat Enzim
Laktosa Laktase
Sukrosa Sukrase
Lipid Lipase
Enzymes
Enzim
Enzymes
Produced and kept in cell for its Produced in cell but secreted out
own use. of cell to work externally
Enzim
Enzymes
Production of Extracellular
Enzymes
Protein is
Protein is Transported Rough endoplasmic wrapped in
synthesised in vesicles and Golgi apparatus
through reticulum (ER)
ribosomes moves to
Secretory
Enzyme is vesicle Transport vesicle
Outside cell Plasma membrane
released membrane fuses with Golgi
fuses with complex and protein
plasma is modified.
membrane
Enzim
Protein
Protein disintesis di Diangkut Jalinan endoplasma dibungkus
Jasad Golgi
dalam ribosom melalui kasar di dalam
vesikel dan
dipindahkan
ke
Vesikel
Enzim rembesan Vesikel pengangkut
Ke luar sel Membran plasma
dibebaskan berpadu berpadu dengan
dengan jasad Golgi dan
membran protein diubah.
plasma
Enzymes
active site
Enzyme Enzyme-substrate
products
Enzyme
ITeach Biology Form 4
Bab 4 Komposisi Kimia Sel
Enzim
Mempunyai bentuk
khusus khas untuk substrat
substratnya
tapak aktif
Enzim Enzim-substrat
hasil
Enzim
ITeach Biologi Tingkatan 4
Chapter 4 Chemical Composition Of The Cell
Enzymes
Substrate
Temperature
concentration
Factors
Affecting
Enzyme
Activity
Enzyme
pH concentration
Enzim
Faktor Yang
Mempengaruhi
Aktiviti Enzim
pH Kepekatan enzim
Enzymes
Temperature
Optimum temperature
Increase in temperature
causes more collisions
Rate of enzyme-catalysed
between enzyme and
reaction decreases due to
substrate molecules
denaturation of enzyme
Temperature (C)
Enzim
Suhu
Suhu optimum
Peningkatan suhu
menyebabkan lebih Kadar tindak balas enzim-
banyak perlanggaran pemangkin menurun
berlaku antara molekul disebabkan oleh
enzim dan substrat penyahaslian enzim.
Suhu(C)
Enzymes
pH
pH
Enzim
pH
pH
Enzymes
Substrate
concentration
Rate of reaction
Substrate concentration
Enzim
Kepekatan
Substrat
Kepekatan substrat
Enzymes
Enzyme
concentration
Rate of reaction
Enzyme
concentration
Enzim
Kepekatan
Enzim
Kepekatan enzim
Enzymes
Biological enzymes
Used in washing powder.
Lipase
Used in cheese ripening.
The Uses of
Enzymes
Protease
To tenderise meat.
Amylase
Convert starch to sugar.
Enzim
Enzim biologi
Digunakan di dalam sabun basuh.
Lipase
Digunakan di dalam penyediaan keju.
Kegunaan Enzim
Protease
Untuk melembutkan daging.
Amilase
Menukar kanji kepada gula.
i - Teach