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STUDENT NAME
FACULTY ADVISOR
DENNIS KIPKORIR LANGAT MR. FREDREICK MTHENGI
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF
REG NO: EB1/12054/13 COMPUTER SCIENCE
Contents
Overview of biometrics Recording of Identities
Introduction Pattern Matching
Iris Recognition systems Advantages of iris technology
Four simple steps to follow Disadvantages of iris technology
Architecture Applications of iris Recognition
Working of iris technology system
1. Image Acquisition Real Life Applications
2. Preprocessing Comparison Of Iris Recognition
Iris Localization With Other Biometrics
Edge Detection Conclusion
3. Image Analysis References
4. Image Recognition
Overview of biometrics
Biometrics is the science of measuring physical or anatomical
characteristics of individuals.
It performs automatic identification of a person based on his/her
physiological characteristics.
Among the features measured are face, fingerprints, handwriting, iris,
retinal, vein, and voice. Biometric technologies are becoming the
foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and
personal verification solutions.
Of all the biometric devices and scanners available today, it is generally
conceded that iris recognition is the most accurate. The automated
method of iris recognition is relatively young, existing in patent since only
1994.
Introduction
Iris is the area of the eye where the pigmented or
colored circle, usually brown, blue, rings the dark pupil
of the eye.
It is the colored portion of the eye that regulates the
size of the pupil.
Has unique complex and random patterns which can
be seen from some distance.
Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric
identification that uses mathematical pattern-
recognition techniques on the images of the irides of an
individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are
unique and can be seen from some distance.
Iris Recognition systems
Iris recognition is fast developing to be a full
proof and fast identification technique that can
be administered cost effectively. It is a classic
biometrics application that is in an advanced
stage of research all over the world.
Iris cameras perform recognition detection of
a persons identity by mathematical analysis of
the random patterns that are visible within the
iris of an eye from some distance. It combines
computer vision, pattern recognition, statistical
inference and optics.
FOUR SIMPLE STEPS TO FOLLOW
A person stands in front of the iris identification system, between one or
three feet away, while a wide angle camera calculates the position of their
eye.
A second camera zooms in on the eye and takes a black and white image.
Once the iris is in focus, it overlays a circular grid on the image of the iris
and identifies the light and dark areas, like an eye print.
To prevent a fake eye from being used to fool system, these devices may
vary the light shine into the eye and watch for pupil dilation.
Architecture
Working of iris technology
The iris identification program may be divided into four main functional
blocks:
1. Image Acquisition.
2. Preprocessing.
3. Image Analysis.
4. Image Recognition.
Image Acquisition
To acquire images with sufficient resolution and sharpness to support recognition.
Good contrast and high illumination.
Optics and Camera:
Human heads are on the order of 15 cm wide.
In case of a portal, we needed a capture volume width on the order of 2030 cm.
More than 200 pixels or more across the iris- Good quality.
Of 150200 pixels across the iris Acceptable quality
Of 100150 pixels to be of- Marginal quality.
Camera Distance up to 3 meters.
High Quality Image, Daughmans Algorithm expect minimum 640X480.
Preprocessing
The acquired image always not only useful parts (IRIS), but also some
irrelevant parts e.g. eyelid, pupil .
Preprocessing removes the effect of spots/holes lying on the pupillary area.
The Preprocessing module first transforms the true colour into intensity
image
So the preprocessing is composed of two steps:
1. Iris Localization
2. Edge Detection
Iris Localization
Iris localization by definition means to isolate the actual iris region
in a digital eye image by detecting the inner and outer boundary of
the iris.
Both the inner boundary and the outer boundary of a typical iris can be
taken as circles.
But the two circles are usually not co-centric.
The inner boundary between the pupil and the iris is detected.
The outer boundary of the iris is more difficult to detect because of the
low contrast between the two sides of the boundary.
The outer boundary is detected by maximizing changes of the perimeter-
normalized along the circle.
Edge Detection
voice Voice
1/30 Low Telephone service
characteristics
Shape of letters, writing
Signature Low Low-security
Order, pen pressure 1/100