FREQUENCY MODULATION

AND DEMODULATION

Submitted by:
Batch :13
NAME ID.NO
CH.KRISHNA VAMSI 150040170
D.PAVAN TEJA 150040190
C.M.DHAVAN 150040168
 CONTENTS
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTIOLN
METHODOLOGY
TASK 1
RESULTS
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
Objectives
To generate a frequency modulated signal
Demodulation of frequency modulated signals
Exposure to simulation on modulation systems for FM
using matlab for synthesis &real signals
INTRODUCTION
Modulation is the process of varying one or more
properties of a periodic waveform ,with a modulating
signal that typically contains information to be transmitted
.In our project the property that we are varying is
frequency
Demodulation is extracting the original information
bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave. A
demodulator is an electronic circuit that is used to recover
the information content from the modulated carrier wave
Modulation can be of three types frequency modulation ,
amplitude modulation , phase modulation
 Methodology
We take a base banded signal m(t) it is used to generate a
narrow band frequency signal

frequency modulated carrier frequency, represented in time

domain. Where K is the sensitivity factor, and represents the
frequency deviation rate as a result of message amplitude
change.
To obtain the FM signal using the matlab we can directly use
the function
Bessel Function and carsons rule
Bessel function depends on the kf (frequency deviation). It is denoted
and represented as
Bf=/
=

Band width =2*fm for a narrow band frequency modulated signal

The Carson rule state that the approximate bandwidth necessary to

transmit a frequency modulated wave is twice the sum of the frequency
deviation and the highest modulating signal frequency.
f
B.WFM 2(f f m ) 2 f m (1 ) 2 f m (1 f )
fm

Approximates the 98% of total power.

Carsons BW is less than actual Tx BW
Table of bessel function of first order
Frequency spectrum of Narrow Band Frequency
Modulation
The time domain expression for NBFM is

The frequency spectrum of Narrow Band Frequency Modulation is

represented by

Ac Ac f
S FM ( f ) ( f fc ) ( f fc ) ( f fc f m ) ( f fc f m )
2 4
Ac f
( f fc fm ) ( f fc f m )
4
Task1
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fc=input('Please enter the carrier signal frequency in Hz ,fc=');
fm=input('Please enter the modulating signal frequency in Hz, fm=');
Am=input('Please enter the modulating signal Amplitude ,Am=');
b=(Am*kf)/fm
n=0:0.01:1;
c=2*cos(10000*pi*n);
M=1.2*cos(500*pi*n) ;
subplot(311);10
plot (n,c);
ylabel('Amplitude of carrier');
xlabel('Time index ');
title('Carrier signal ');
subplot(312);
plot (n,M);
ylabel('Amplitude of M');
xlabel('Time index');
title('Modulating Signal');
y=2*cos(10000*t+(kf*2*pi*cumsum(m)).*ts)
subplot(313);
plot (n,y);
ylabel('Amplitude of Y');
xlabel('Time index');
title('Frequency Modulated signal');
figure, plot(n, abs(c)), title('Amplitude plot of c')
figure, plot(n, angle(c)), title('Phase plot of c')
figure, plot(n, abs(M)), title('Amplitude plot of M')
figure, plot(n, angle(M)), title('Phase plot of M')
figure, plot(n, abs(y)), title('Amplitude plot of Y')
figure, plot(n, angle(y)), title('Phase plot of y')
Outputs
ADVANTAGES
Resilient to noise: One of the main advantages of frequency
modulation that has been utilised by the broadcasting industry is the
reduction in noise. As most noise is amplitude based, this can be
removed by running the signal through a limiter so that only
frequency variations appear. This is provided that the signal level is
sufficiently high to allow the signal to be limited.
Resilient to signal strength variations: In the same way that
amplitude noise can be removed, so too can any signal variations.
This means that one of the advantages of frequency modulation is that
it does not suffer audio amplitude variations as the signal level varies,
and it makes FM ideal for use in mobile applications where signal
levels constantly vary. This is provided that the signal level is
sufficiently high to allow the signal to be limited.
Does not require linear amplifiers in the transmitter: As only
frequency changes are required to be carried, any amplifiers in the
transmitter do not need to be linear.
 Advantages of frequency modulation

1. One of the main advantages of frequency

modulation that has been utilised by the broadcasting
industry is the reduction in noise.

2. It does not suffer audio amplitude variations as the

signal level varies.

3. Does not require linear amplifiers in the transmitter.

As only frequency changes are required to be carried,
any amplifiers in the transmitter do not need to be linear
APPLICATIONS
Radio and telemetry
seismic prospecting :A geophysical method of prospecting,
utilizing knowledge of the speed of reflected sound waves in rock.
This type of modulation is commonly used for broadcasting music
and speech, magnetic tape recording systems, two way radio
systems and video transmission systems. When noise occurs
naturally in radio systems, frequency modulation with sufficient
bandwidth provides an advantage in cancelling the noise