Encephalopathy

Infections
Bacterial
Viral
Eosinophilic
 Bacterial Meningitis
More common cause of bacterial meningitis in
children more than one month
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
H.influenzae Type B
 Risk Factors
Lack of Immunity
Close Contacts
Crowding
Poverty
Black or native American race
Splenic dysfunction or Asplenia
T-lymphocyte defects(congenital or acquired by
chemotherapy, AIDS, or malignancy-listeria)
 Mode of Transmission
Through respiratory tract secretions or droplets
 Streptococcus pneumoniae
Peaks in first two years of life
Children with anatomic or functional asplenia
secondary to sickle cell disease and those
infected with HIV
Other Risk factors include otitis media,
sinusitis, pneumonia, CSF otorrhea or
rhinorrhea, the presence of a cochlear implant,
and chronic graft-versus-host disease
following bone marrow transplantation.
 Neisseria meningitidis
Five serogroups of meningococcusA, B, C,
Y, and W-135are responsible for disease.
Cases more common in winter and spring and
following influenza virus infections
 Pathology
Purulent exudate around the cerebral veins,
convexity of the brain.
Ventriculitis
Perivascular inflammatory infiltrates
Vasculitis, thrombosis of small cortical veins,
occlusion of major venous sinuses, necrotizing
arteritis
Cerebral infarction
Increased ICP
Hydrocephalus