CONTROL MODE OF TRANSMISSION

An environmental factor, in the context of disesase

transmission, would be any external physical, biological, or
chemical condition, other than the agent, that contributes to
the disease process
Several environmental factors
High humidity.
High temperature.
Neutral to slightly alkaline soils.
Presence of organic matter.
Variety of animal reservoirs.
Infected cattle herds.
Appear to contribute to the high endemic rate of leptospirosis in
certain countries.
 The disease is one of the leading zoonoses worldwide and while the
incidence is infrequently encountered climate in the temperature
climate (0.1 to case per 1000,000 individuals per year), it is more
prevalent in tropical areas of high rainfall (10 to 100 cases per
100,000 individuals per year).

Leptospires may be found in the urine of those suffering from

leptospirosis
 measures and elimination of the human element of the extent feasible

1. Prevent the travel of disease vectors and control disease carriers.

2. Assure that all drinking water is at all times safe to drink and adequate for drinking, culinary, laundry,
and bathing purposes.
3. Provide adequate spatial separation between sources of disease (and pollution) and receptors.
4. Assure that food processing, distribution, preparation, and service do not cause disease.
5. Control air, land and water pollution, hazardous wastes, accidents, carcinogens, and toxics.
6. Prevent access or disease sources polluted b:athing waters and disease vector infested areas.
7. Adopt and enforce environmental standards: air, water land, noise land use, housing.
8. Educate polluters, legislators, media, and the public to the need for regulation and funding where
indicated.
9. Support comprehensive environmental health, engineering, and sanitation planning, protection,
surveillance, and regulation programs at he state and local levels.
10. Adjust personal behavior to counteract cigarette smoking, poor nutrition, stress, overeating, and lack
of exercise. Promote personal hygiene and hand washing to prevent person to person transmission of
pathogenic or toxic agents.
 Summer camps
Summer camps present a special problem. The continued operation
of such camps is contingent on adequate sanitation, the extent of
crowding in quarters, the prevalence of the disease in the community
and the availability of medical supervision.
1. Children should not be admitted from areas where outbreaks of the disease
are occurring.
2. Children who are direct contacts to cases of polio should not be admitted.
3. The retention of children in camps where poliomyelitis exists has not been
shown to increase the risk of illness with polio.
4. If poliomyelitis occurs in a camp, it is advisable that children and staff
remain there. If the do remain:
a) Provide daily medical inspection for all children for two weeks from occurrence of last
case.
b) Curtail activity on a supervised basis to prevent overexertion.
c) Isolate all children with fever or any suspicious signs or symptoms.
d) Do not admit new children.