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Lecture 1

Introduction to Engineering
Graphics

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What is Engineering Graphics and Drawing ?

E.G teach rules...various means of representing in a format with which every 1

can understand while
E.D helps in showing innovative ideas on paper
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Need For Common Language

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Need For Common Language

Communication of product information through

common language of Engineering Graphics.
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Applications

Construction
Shipping
Industry

Manufacturing

Mechanical Industry
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Drawing Instruments
Drawing board
Set-square (45o and 30o 60o)
Engineering Compass and
Divider
Scales
Protractor
French curves
Drawing Book
Drawing Pencils
Eraser
Drawing Clips/Pins
Drafter
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Drawing sheet layout

Paper and Drawing board dimensions- A0 to A4
Recommended for students- A3 & A2

Border lines

Title Block
Name & logo of organization
Drawn by
Checked by
Date
Symbol of Method of Projection
Remarks
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Types of Lines

Type of line Use

Representation
CONTINUOUS THICK VISIBLE OUTLINES
DIMENSION LINES, LEADER LINES,
CONTINUOUS THIN EXTENSION LINES, CONSTRUCTION
LINES, HATCHING
SHORT DASHES
HIDDEN OUTLINES & EDGES
MEDIUM

LONG CHAIN THIN CENTRE LINES

LONG CHAI N LINE

THICH AT ENDS AND CUTTING PLANE LINES
THIN ELSEWHERE
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Dimension Basic Terminology

1. Dimension (Basic dimension value)

2. Dimension line (min. 10 mm distance)

3. Termination symbol (arrowhead)

4. Extension line (Note visible gap)

5. Radius symbol (R)

6. Diameter symbol ()

7. Leader line

8. Center line

9. Reference dimension
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Dimensioning System

Aligned system Unidirectional system

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Dimensioning Rules

1. All overall dimensions for the object are shown.

2. Dimensions are not duplicated in two views.
3. Multiple rows of dimensions are spaced uniformly, with at
least 10 mm from views and 6 mm between rows .
4. Longer dimensions are placed outside shorter ones.
5. All strings of dimensions are lined up.
6. Whenever possible, dimensions are not given to hidden
lines.
7. Dimension lines do not cross other dimension lines.
8. Dimensions are related to the view that best shows the
features being dimensioned.
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Dimensioning Guidelines

Cylindrical Component Dimensioning Arcs

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Dimensioning Guidelines

Do not use lines of the model as

dimension extension lines.
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Dimensioning Guidelines

Incorrect Correct
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Dimensioning Guidelines

Incorrect Correct
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Tolerances

Due to inevitable inaccuracy of the manufacturing

methods, it is not possible to make part precisely to a
given dimension. Therefore in practice, a permissible
variation in size of part is allowed. The amount of
variation permitted is called tolerance.

Gear Wheel
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Tolerances
1. Unilateral Tolerance
2. Bilateral Tolerance

Unilateral Tolerance
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Tolerances
Bilateral Tolerance
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Tolerance Calculation
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Standard IS codes

BIS-SP 46 1988/ SP 46 2003

IS 1444:1989 DRAWING BOARD SPECIFICATION
IS 15021:2001 PROJECTION METHODS
IS 3221:1966 DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
IS 10713:1983 SCALES
IS 10714:2001 LINES
IS 9609:2001 LETTERING
IS 11669:1986 DIMENSIONING
IS 10711:2001 SIZE & LAYOUT OF DRAWING SHEETS
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Question & Answer