Dr. P.

SasikalaMohan
Associate Professor Of Anatomy
 Course Introduction

Syllabus- Gross Anatomy, Histology and

Embryology
Osteology, Surface marking and Radiology
Examination pattern
Theory- Paper I and Paper II (2x 50=100 marks)
Practicals- Spotters and Viva (60 marks)
Internal Assessment Exam 40 marks (Theory 20 &
Practical 15 + Record 5)
Attendance is compulsory
LIST OF BOOKS RECOMMENDED

I. Gross Anatomy
1. Cunninghams Manual of Practical Anatomy G.L.Romanes
Vols.I, II & III
2. B.D. Chaurasias Human Anatomy Vols.I, II, III & IV, 7th
Edition and General Anatomy
II. Histology
Atlas of Histology with functional correlation. Di Fiores
International Edition
Textbook of Human Histology, Inderbir Singh

III. Developmental Anatomy

Human Embryology by Inderbir Singh

IV. Neuroanatomy by Vishram singh

Reference book
Grays Anatomy, 40th edition
Langmans Medical Embryology
Snells Clinical Neuroanatomy
Clinical Anatomy by Neeta kulkarni
Way to success
Punctuality
Regularity
Discipline
Respect
obedience
ANATOMY
Science which deals with the study of structure of
the human body
Greek word, Anatome= cutting up
Dissection- Latin equivalent of Greek anatome

ANA = apart

TOMY = to cut
Goals of the Course
To provide a common anatomical language
To relate the common language of anatomy to the
functional morphology of the human body.
To provide a baseline of knowledge for the study of
physiology.
Illustrate the principle that structure and function are
related.
Firm foundation of the whole art of medicine
Why Study Anatomy?
1. Communication within the health professions.
2. In order to understand the pathology of the
human body, one must understand the normal.
3. Learn the interaction between body systems.
4. Provides an education rather than training.
ie: you can train a monkey to do surgery but the
monkey cannot fix a problem when it arises
 HISTORY OF ANATOMY

The past is not dead history, it is living

material out of which man builds for the
future.
Rene Dubos (1901-1982)
Who is the Father of Medicine?
 GRECIAN PERIOD
HIPPOCRATES(460-377BC)

Greek physician
Father of Medicine
His name is memorialized in
the Hippocratic oath
His work was empirical as no
dissection was allowed
 GRECIAN PERIOD
ARISTOTLE(384-322BC)
Greek philosopher, zoologist,
renowned teacher, writer.

wrote the first ever account

of embryology
-heart development
-named aorta
-differentiated .
arteries and veins

Erroneous views eg. Heart

not brain was the seat of
intelligence
 GRECIAN PERIOD
HEROPHILUS (about 325BC)

Great teacher of anatomy in

Alexandria
performed -vivo-sections
(dissections of living humans)
- -dissections of
human cadavers
Father of Anatomy
 ROMAN PERIOD

CLAUDIUS
GALEN(AD132-201)
identified veins and
arteries containing
blood
For 1500 years his
writings were
unquestionable .
 RENAISSANCE PERIOD
LEONARDO DA VINCI
(AD1452 1519)
great Italian genius
Painter, sculptor, architect,
musician, anatomist engineer
Anatomical sketches (500
diagrams) published in 1898.
Originator of cross sectional
anatomy
First to describe moderator
band of Right ventricle.
Founder of Modern Anatomy
 SIXTEENTH CENTURY

VESALIUS(1514-
1654)

Father of Modern
Anatomy
Reformer of
Anatomy
 SEVENTEENTH and
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

MALPIGHII(1628-1634)
Italian anatomist

Father of Histology

His name is associated with malpighian corpuscles of the

kidney and malpighian bodies of spleen.
 NINETEENTH CENTURY

Dissection was made compulsory

Anatomical act was passed in England (1832) and
America (1831)
Formalin used in 1890s.
X-rays discovered by Roentgen in 1895
Astley cooper, Georges cuvier, Meckel and Henry
Gray.
 TWENTIETH CENTURY
IMAGING ANATOMY
- Ultrasound

- CT Scan

- MRI

- PET
 Anatomy In Modern India
Medical education in India revived with the
arrival of the British (1600A.D)
Medical schools were estabilished (late
19thcentury) Madras, calcutta and bombay.
Madras in 1835.
Subdivisions of Anatomy
Subdivisions of anatomy
Cadaveric anatomy
Embryology
Histology
Surface anatomy
Radiographic anatomy
Living anatomy
Comparative anatomy
Physical anthropology
Applied anatomy
Experimental anatomy
Genetics
Cadaveric anatomy (Gross
anatomy/Macroscopic)

Study of preserved
body through
naked eye.
Two Approaches to the Study of
Anatomy
Systems Approach
-study of one system at a time.
-all muscles are studied together, all bones, etc..
Regional Approach
-all structures within a certain region are studied
together.
-ie: all structures in the head are looked at together.

We will utilize the REGIONAL APPROACH.

REGIONAL ANATOMY

Study of all structures

in an area of the
body.

6 regions
Lower limb Upper limb
Thorax Abdomen and Pelvis
Brain
SYSTEMIC ANATOMTY

Integumentary (dermatology)
Skeletal (osteology)
Articulating system (arthrology / syndesmology)
Muscular (myology)
Nervous (neurology)
Vascular (angiology)- Cardiovascular (cardiology) ,
Lymphatic
Respiratory (pulmonology)
Digestive (gastroenterology)
Urinary (urology)
Endocrine (endocrinology)
Reproductive system gynaecology (F), andrology(M)
DERMATOLOGY OSTEOLOGY
ARTHROLOGY MYOLOGY
NEUROLOGY PULMONOLOGY
ANGILOLOGY
UROLOGY ENDOCRINOLOGY
GASTROENTROLOGY
ANDROLOGY GYNAECOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

Development of an
embryo from the

fertilization of the
ovum to the fetus
stage .
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

CYTOLOGY HISTOLOGY
SURFACE ANATOMY

Study of deeper
parts of the body in
relation to its skin
surface.
RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY
X-ray
USG
MRI
PET
Advanced
radiological
techniques- CT, DSA
LIVING ANATOMY
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

Study of similarities
and differences in the
anatomy of different
species.
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology is the scientific study of the origin,
behavior, physical variation, and cultural development
of human beings. It embraces the whole of humanity,
past and present.
GENETICS
Study of genes
CLINICAL ANATOMY

The practical application

of anatomical
knowledge to
diagnosis and treatment
Applied anatomy
LETS ANSWER A FEW
Questions
 Q 1.Name the regions of the human body?
Upper limb

Lower limb

Thorax

Abdomen & pelvis

Head & Neck and

Brain
 Q 1. Which surgeon of ancient India is also called as
Father of Surgery ?
A. Charak

B. Sushruta

C. Atreya

D. Dhanvantri
Q 3. Name the famous Greek Physician who is
also called as the Father Of Medicine
A. Aristotle

B. Plato

C. Hippocrates

D. Herophilus
Q 4. Who is often referred to as the Father Of
Modern Anatomy
A. Leonardo Da Vinci

B. Andreas Vesalius

C. William Harvey

D. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek