Patco Tcal Training: Gavin Mcquillan Regional Sales Manager

Patco TCAL Training
Gavin McQuillan
Regional Sales Manager
Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 1

What is temperature ?
The temperature of an object is a measure

of the energy of the molecules in that
object
Most processes require a knowledge of
temperature
We measure temperature with sensors
such as thermocouples and RTDs
sometimes incorporated into transmitters
What do we need to ensure these devices
are reading correctly ?
Why does heat move from hot to cold and not the other way round ?

Important law of thermodynamics
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a
third system, then the first two systems are in thermal
equilibrium with each other

Temperature scales
IPTS-27
The International Practical
Temperature Scale of 1927
ITS-48
The International Temperature
Scale of 1948
IPTS-68
The International Practical
Temperature Scale of 1968
ITS-90
International Temperature
Scale of 1990
ITS-XX
International Temperature
Scale of 20XX?
How do we measure temperature ?
Indirectly - with a thermometer
A thermometer is a device which has a measurable
property which changes with temperature
For a liquid-in-glass thermometer, the property measured is the
length of the liquid column inside a glass tube
For a RTD, the property measured is the resistance of a platinum

wire (PRT, Pt100, Pt25 etc)
For a thermocouple, the property measured is the voltage

generated along the length of two dissimilar metals or alloys
For a thermistor, the measured property is the resistance of a semi

conductor device

What is calibration
A comparison between measurements one

of known accuracy made with one device and
another measurement made in as similar a
way as possible with a second device.
The device with the known accuracy is known

as the standard or reference. The second
device is the unit under test.

Why calibrate ?
Provides confidence that the instrument has

been, and is, operating to the manufacturers
specification
Ensures compliance with quality systems

and industry regulations
Provides traceability to your measurements

Calibration chain
230V 10%
Measures 230V 1%

Calibration chain
Measures 230V 1%
Generates 230V 0.1%

Calibration chain
Generates 230V 0.1%
Reference standard measures 230V 0.01%

Calibration chain
Reference standard measures 230V

0.01%
National or international standard with

uncertainty better then 0.001%

Traceability
Traceability is the chain of calibrations from an unknown

device up to National or International Standards

Calibration methods
Absolute method SAMPLI NG CHAN 1

C1
P1
P2
C2
1575 Super-Thermometer
C2
The UUT is subjected to a physically defined standard

P2
P1
1590 PPM C1
Super-Thermometer II
Output
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
+
C+
C P
P+
such as a repeatable phenomenon of nature

P-
Guard
C-
2575
Guard
Scanner
Mighty-Mux
HART SCIENTIFIC
Reference
Probe
Probes
Under Test
Comparison Method
The UUT is compared against another measuring
device of known and superior accuracy
Comparison Calibration Fixed Point Calibration
System Calibration Sensor
The UUT is a probe and a readout joined together, the

total system is calibrated and absolute errors are
recorded Instrument
Drywell

Key measurement principles
Characterization calibration
Mathematical curve fit give best interpolation, highest accuracy
Used for higher quality sensors only
Calibration Coefficients - CVD, ITS-90, Polynomial etc.
Tolerance testing
UUT is compared to defined values in the form of a table at a range of
temperatures. No fitting is performed, only Pass or Fail
DIN EN 43760 Class A and B (RTD), DIN 43710 (TC), etc

Characterisation
UUT measured in base units
(, mV etc)
Mathematical model used to

calculate temperature
ITS-90 mathematical model is

currently the best estimation
of the Thermodynamic scale
Excerpt from ITS-90

Tolerance testing
UUT compared against a known reference and
the result compared against a standard table
IEC-751(DIN 43760) class A

= [0.15 + 0.002|t|] oC
@ 100 oC = [0.15 + 0.002|100|] = 0.35 oC
IEC-751 (DIN 43760) class B
= [0.3 + 0.005|t|] oC
@ 100 oC = [0.3 + 0.005|100|] = 0.8 oC

System calibration
UUT remains connected to a
Sensor
display, reading is compared to
the known temperature and an
error is recorded
Probe and readout cannot not be

used separately Instrument
Drywell

Temperature calibration system
Reference & UUT readout

Reference probe
Heat source
Software

Fluke product diversity

Types of TCAL product
Temperature products
Heat sources
Probes
Readouts - includes new 1586 Super DAQ
Process calibrators

Heat sources - baths & drywells

Application questions.
Standard questions to ask your customer
Type of sensor or systems being calibrated?

Dimensions of sensors being calibrated?
Temperature range for calibration?
Accuracy of sensors being calibrated?
Is automation of calibration required?
Where do you perform calibration (i.e. lab or
field environment)?

Bath product line
Standard baths Compact baths

Highest performance Good performance
(stability to 0.0007C) (stability to 0.005C)
Variety of models that Two lines: deep-well
cover 550C to 80C compacts and compact
Variety of access openings baths
and depths typically Deep well compacts have
large volume depth of 457 mm (18 in)
Most flexible in terms of Great for LIG calibration
customization Models 6330, 7320, 7340,
Models 7060, 7080, 7008, 7380, 7312, 6331, 7321,
7011, 7012, 7037, 7040, 7341, and 7381
6020, 6022, 6024, and
6050H

Bath product line
Micro baths Special application baths

Worlds smallest portable Resistor baths (models
calibration bath 7015, 7009, and 7108)
Temperature range of Concentric tube baths
30C to 200C (models 7007, 6054, and
Stability to 0.015C 6055) for cal of LIGs
Fast heating and cooling Window baths for full
times immersion LIGs or
viscosity testing (70XX-
Screw-on lid which seals CST)
inside fluid for easy
transportation 7008-IR, IR bath to fit
infrared cone
Models 6102, 7102, and
7103

Dry well product line
Metrology wells Field dry wells
Best performance in a dry-well Cover a range of 25C to
design with stability to 650C
0.005C Light weight and portable
Cover a range of 95C to Fast to reach temperature set
700C points
Built-in reference readout (917X Specified for display accuracy,
series) and process electronics radial uniformity, and stability
(914X & 9190A ) Built-in switch test
Built-in switch test functions Models 9103, 9140, and 9141
Immersion depth of 203 mm (8
in) or 150 mm (6 in) Handheld dry wells
Specified to meet all of the EA Smallest and lightest dry-wells
10/13 criteria in the world
NVLAP-accredited calibration Cover 10C to 375C
Models 9170, 9171, 9172, 9173, Fast heating and cooling
9142, 9143, 9144 & 9190 Display accuracy to 0.25C
Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 Models 9100S and 9102S 28
Dry well product line
Dual bock dry wells Other dry wells

Hot and cold block in one Thermocouple furnaces
unit
Model 9150 Portable 150C to
Model 9011 covers 1200C
30C to 670C Model 9112B horizontal 300C
Model 9009 covers to 1100C
15C to 350C
Specified for accuracy, Zero point dry-well, model
stability, and radial 9101, for ice point
uniformity reference
Time efficient calibrations Surface calibrator, model
for zero and span checks 3125, for calibration of
surface probes

Heat sources pros and cons
Dry-Wells Metrology Wells Baths
Pros Pros Pros

Fast to change temperature Best stability and uniformity Best Stability & Uniformity
Portable for a dry solution More flexible for Size & Shape
Wide temperature range Fast to change temperature of Thermometers
No fluids Portable Reduced Stem Conduction
Wide temperature range Flexible for Quantity of
No fluid Thermometers
Cons Cons Cons
Not as stable or uniform as a Fixed block Limited Temp Ranges
bath Slower to Change
More susceptible to stem Temperature
conduction Fluids can be messy
Fixed holes in block Fluid can be expensive
Not portable

Heat sources specifications
Spec Dry-Wells Metrology Wells Baths

Display Calibration of the control sensor using a Not calibrated or
Accuracy 6.35 mm (0.25 in) probe into the bottom specified
of the well
Stability Two times the standard deviation of the dry-wells temperature
over 30 min
Radial Max temperature difference between Largest two-
Uniformity two wells assuming probes of similar size minute-average
(<6.35 mm [0.25 in]) and construction difference
inserted to the full immersion depth between two
Axial Not specified Max temperature points of the
difference over a working area (25
Uniformity mm from sides and
vertical area from the
bottom of the well bottom of tank, 75
mm under surface

Bath specification - accuracy
Accuracy (how close to actual temperature?)
Baths are generally designed for stability and uniformity
instead of accuracy.
Stability and uniformity are very critical when using a
reference system

Bath stability & uniformity
Uniformity this is defined
Stability 2-sigma as difference
specification. found that
This means between two locations
two times with in
the standard
the baths working
deviation area,temperature
of the baths which is defined
(overasat1least
inch 30
from thewill
min) bottom and sides
fall within the of
the bathspecification.
stated and 3 inchesBecause
from below
baththe fluids varies
stability surface. Limiting
with work toand
temperature an even
the fluid
smaller area can further reduce the temperature
being used, these variables are also specified differences experienced during
calibration. Uniformity is heavily dependent on the fluid used


Spec Dry-Wells Metrology Wells Baths

Loading Not specified Change in temperature Not specified
sensed by a reference typically not a
thermometer inserted concern given the
into the bottom of the good thermal
well after other wells conductivity of
are filled fluid
Hysteresis Not specified Two external N/A
but considered measurements of the
in the display same set point when
accuracy the temperature is
approached from two
different directions
Scan Times Time in which heat source takes to heat or cool. Measured
from when the heat source begins to scan to when it reaches
set point temperature and begins to stabilize (accounts for
over shoot)
Competitive advantages - baths
Competitors: Isotech, Julabo,

Lauda
How we win?
Best stability and uniformity on the market
Largest breadth of product (i.e. temp
range, depth, volume, etc)
Highest level of calibration expertise in the
world

Applications- baths
Comparison calibration for

characterization of PRTs and
thermistors (sometimes TCs)
LIG thermometer calibrations
Maintenance of fixed point cells
Maintenance of standard
resistors
Burn-in testing or heat treating
of electronics or other materials

Bath fluids

USPs dry wells
Hart manufactures and sells more

temperature calibration baths than any
other maker in the world
Largest product offering on the market
Proprietary control technology designed
specifically for dry-well calibrators
Dual-zone control (Metrology Wells)
Calibrated display accuracy
Built-in switch test function
Designed and tested by the leading
company in temperature calibration

Competitive advantages dry wells
Competitors: Jofra, Isotech, Techne, Giussani, many,

many more
How we win?
Best performance in 917X Metrology Wells
Most functionality in Field Metrology Wells
Speed and portability in field dry-wells, field metrology wells or handheld
dry-wells
Best accuracy for built-in electronics (Metrology Wells)
Combined hot and cold in one unit very few manufactures have dual-
well dry-well offerings

Applications dry wells
Verification or calibration of
various types of sensors
PRTs
Thermistors
TCs
Calibration to transmitters
Thermostatic switches
Bi-metallic thermometers
Annealing for PRTs
Heat treatment of materials
Field calibrations

What are Field Metrology Wells
A product category that surpasses dry-

wells in performance
Metrology Wells address cg-13 critical

specifications:
Legitimate reference thermometry

Euramet/cg-13
Conformance to Euramet/cg-13
Calibration of Temperature Block Calibrators
Gives guidance on measurement practices for
the purpose of producing calibration results
that can be recognized and accepted
throughout Europe
The approaches taken are not mandatory
A means of promoting a consistent approach to

good measurement practice
Key terminology:
http://www.euramet.org o Axial homogeneity
o Radial homogeneity
o Loading
o Stability over time
o Hysteresis
Euramet/cg-13 axial uniformity
Axial Uniformity variation in the temperature along the axial

length of the insert (block) within the measurement zone.

Euramet/cg-13 radial uniformity
Radial Uniformity variation in the temperature between

different wells of the insert (block) within the measurement
zone.
Reference Gradient
probe probe

Euramet/cg-13 thermal loading
Thermal Loading
Additional heat loss due to increased numbers or size

of thermometers
Creates a shift in the temperature gradient in the
sleeve (block) of the drywell
The Temperature Controller cannot completely
compensate for this shift
The result can be a temperature error that is
particularly apparent in the Direct Mode (i.e. no
reference thermometer)

Euramet/cg-13 thermal loading
Dry-Well Block Loading Effect

421.23
1 Probe 2 Probes 3 Probes 4 Probes 3 Probes 2 Probes 1 Probe
421.21
Constant
421.19 0.026C error Display
421.17 Temperature
Temp, C
421.15 Ref 1
421.13 Ref 2
421.11
421.09
421.07
421.05
10:15
10:23
10:31
10:40
10:48
10:56
11:04
11:12
11:20
11:28
11:36
11:44
11:52
12:00
12:08
12:17
12:25
12:33
12:41
12:49
12:57
13:05
13:13
13:21
13:29
13:37
13:45
13:53
Time/event

Temperature stability
Temperature Stability Measurement

100.145
Temperature Deviation, C
100.140
2 Sigma = 0.009C
100.135
100.130
100.125
100.120
100.115
100.110
Peak to Peak = 0.026C
100.105 Peak = 0.026C / 2 = 0.013C
100.100
0:00
0:01
0:02
0:03
0:04
0:06
0:07
0:08
0:09
0:11
0:12
0:13
0:14
0:15
0:17
0:18
0:19
0:20
0:22
0:23
0:24
0:25
0:26
0:28
0:29
0:30
0:31
0:33
0:34
0:35
Time

Control hysteresis
Control Sensor Hysteresis
700
600
Actual Temperature, C
500
400 Heating
Error
Error Cooling
300 Average Value
200
Temperature Range
Midpoint
100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Set Point Temperature, C

Readouts
Equipment Advantages
Readouts
(Thermometers)
Rugged Handheld with
Metrology class
1523 / 1524
performance. Data logging
and trending built in
Single channel, ideal for
1502A monitoring a single
Reference probe
Four Channel, ideal
calibration readout.
1529
Logging and high speed
modes
High performance
1560 configurable readout that
grows as needs change
High end Readout, perfect
1595 alternative to expensive AC
and DC bridges

Readouts
Readouts
(Thermometers)

1523 / 1524 Metrology class
Reference probe
Four Channel, ideal
1529 calibration readout. Logging
and high speed modes
High performance
and DC bridges

Readouts
Readouts
(Thermometers)
Metrology class
1523 / 1524 performance. Data
logging and trending built
in
Reference probe
Four Channel, ideal
1529
modes
High performance
1595 alternative to expensive
AC and DC bridges
Readouts
Readouts
(Thermometers)
Metrology class
1523 / 1524
Reference probe
Four Channel, ideal
1529
modes
High performance
and DC bridges
Readouts
Readouts
(Thermometers)
Metrology class
1523 / 1524 performance. Data
logging and trending built
in
Reference probe
Four Channel, ideal
1529
modes
High performance
1595 alternative to expensive
AC and DC bridges
Readouts

Thermometer readouts
Handhelds
1523 & 1524
Benchtop
1502A
1529A

1523 & 1524
PRT
1523 Thermistor
1524
Thermocouple
Save and Recall

25 statistics and readings
Real TimeTrending
2nd Channel
(PRT or Thermistor)
Logging
15K points

1523 & 1524 ready for anything
3 AA Batteries
~ 20 hours
RS-232 PC Interface 12 V DC Power

1523 & 1524 ready for anything
PRTs & RTDs

200 oC to 1000oC 10, 25 ,100
As good as 0.011 C
Thermocouples
200 oC to 2315 oC Types: C,E,J,K,L,M,N,T,U,B,R,S
0.23 C (J,K,L,M)
Precision thermistors
50 oC to 150 oC
0.002 oC !!

INFO-CON connectors and accuracy
NIST Traceable
Calibration information is
plug-and-play
Universal thermocouple
Probes can be
locked to
Adapter
work with RTD adapter
specific
readouts Spare connectors

Applications
Oven and freezer temperature validation

Engine and turbine efficiency
Use 1524 for two channels [e.g. Tin & Tout]
Process temperature logging

Food
Custody transfer
Metallurgy
Heat meter testing

Use 1524 for two channels [e.g. Tin & Tout]

Bench top readouts
1502A and 1529
Models with 1 or 4 input

channels
RTDs, Thermistors and T/Cs
Accuracy to 0.004C using
probe calibration coefficients
Data acquisition software for
logging and calibration available

1502A single channel readout
Probes - nominal RTPW 25 to 100 (RTD, PRT or SPRT)

1502A features
Resistance range: 0 to 400

Temperature Accuracy: 0.006oC @ 0oC
for Pt25 or Pt100
Temperature Resolution: 0.001
Direct temperature display: ITS-90, IPTS-
68 and Callendar van Dusen
Digital Filter: 0 to 60 seconds,
(exponential)
RS232 standard, IEEE-488 optional
DC battery power option
In-house re-calibration DC cal

1529 multi channel readout

1529 features
Measures PRTs, thermistors & Simultaneous display of all 4 inputs
thermocouples
Memory: auto-log of 8,000 data
4 input channels: 4 x PRT, 4 x T/C points and demand-log of 100 data
or 2 PRT - 2 T/C points
Resistance range: 0 to 500K Data labels: 25 user definable labels
(7-characters)
Voltage range: -10 to 100mV
IR interface for download of stored
Temperature Accuracy: data
0.006C @ 0C for Pt25 or
Pt100 Programmable display with real time
statistics, (Max, Min, SD, etc.)
Battery powered: more than 8-
hours of use on a single charge Fast measure mode: Up to 0.1s on a
single channel
RS232 standard, IEEE-488 optional
In-house re-calibration DC cal

1529 input options

Introduction
The new gold standard of industrial temperature calibration
Portable electronic thermometer

Digital readout combined with a robust
reference probe
Readout rotates 90
Replaces precision liquid-in-glass (LIG)
thermometers
Intrinsically safe (ATEX compliant)

Key features
Accuracy: 0.05oC (0.09 F) over full range

Intrinsically safe (ATEX and IECEx compliant)
Two models to choose from:
1551A (50 to 160 oC)
1552A (80 to 300 oC)
Display temperature in oC or F
Electronic functions simplify measurements
300-hour battery life
NVLAP-accredited, NIST-traceable calibration
included

Thermometer requirements
Low measurement uncertainty

Efficient operations
Reliable results
The thermometer readout is a key component of a

temperature calibration system it can limit or enhance
laboratory capability

Overview
Two dedicated external reference input channels

on the rear panel
Standby current reduces transient effects when scanning
between channels
Channel Select keys turn measurement mode on or off at the
touch of a button
Sample rates as fast as one second
USB data transfer and computer control
Remote view and device control via Ethernet

Probes

RTD & thermistor probes
Reference PRTs
Reference Thermistors
Precision Industrial RTDs
Variety of models to suit all your
customers reference temperature
measurement applications

5626 Secondary Standard PRT
Range: -200C to 661C

100 and 25 nominal triple
point resistance
Drift rate: < 0.02C / 500-
hours @ 660C
Full compliance with ITS-90
300mm and 381mm length
options
Supplied as standard with
accredited fixed-point
calibration
Calibration Uncertainty:
0.015C (k=2)

5614 Secondary Reference PRT
Range: -200oC to 420oC

100 Rtpw
300mm length options
Supplied as standard with
traceable calibration
Calibration Uncertainty:
0.025oC (k=2)

4180 & 4181 IR calibrators
Ideal sources for IR thermometer calibration
Two products
4180: -15oC to 120oC
4181: 35oC to 500oC
High accuracy based on apparent
temperature:
4180: 0.25oC to 0.55oC at 120oC
4181: 0.30oC to 1.5oC at 500oC
Target size: 15 cm (6 in.)
Emissivity of 0.95 0.02
Apparent emissivity of 0.95 0.005 (due to
calibration using reference at 0.95)
Emissivity Adjustment: 0.05
Speed: 20 min. to 5000C, 35 min. to
150C

Ease of use
LCD display with menu buttons

Primary display shows temperature, set point, & emissivity
Temperature setup menu
Program menu
System/setup menu
Languages include Eng, Jap, Chi, Deu, Esp, Fre, Rus, Ita
View temperatures menu
Dedicated set temperature button
Dedicated oC/oF (for the metrically challenged)
Visual and audio stability indicators
Stability is user-definable
Easy-to-store and downloadable cal information

Screen shots

High performance
Accuracy to 0.25oC
with accredited calibration and a very robust uncertainty analysis behind it
sell confidence with confidence
Stability to 0.05oC
Uniformity of 150 mm (6-in.) diameter to 0.1oC
Zone-controlled heaters
Helpful for checking imagers
Heating time of 20 min to 500oC

Cooling time of 35 min to -15oC
Dry-air purge cover included with 4180

Workload - Fluke
Spot size of 50 mm (2 in) or
140 mm (5.5 in)
Calibration points: -15oC to
500oC
Spectral band typically 8-14
m
Emissivity setting fixed at
0.95, 0.97, or adjustable
4180 and 4181 will cover all
models
Popular models include
MiniTemps, FoodPros, ST
Series, MX Series, Fluke 60
Series, Fluke 570 Series

Application questions.
Standard questions to ask your customer
Type of sensor or systems being calibrated?

Dimensions of sensors being calibrated?
Temperature range for calibration?
Accuracy of sensors being calibrated?
Is automation of calibration required?
Where do you perform calibration (i.e. lab or
field environment)?

ITS-90
International temperature scale - 1990

Temperature scales
William Thomson introduced

absolute temperature scale in 1848
derived from Carnot ideal heat engine

defines absolute zero
standard unit is the Kelvin (K)
defines 1K as 1/273.16 of TPW
triple point of water is 273.16K (0.01oC)
standard symbol is T
ice point is 273.15K
steam point is 373.15K

Why we need the ITS
Temperature can not be measured directly
Only be measured in terms of extensive quantities: length,

volume, resistance etc
Functional relationships between these parameters and

temperature are not sufficiently well known to permit them to be
used over a wide temperature range.
These difficulties have been so great that it has proved necessary

to introduce a Practical Temperature Scale the International
Temperature Scale

ITS-90 components
Specifies certain fixed points (the freezing points of seven metals, the
melting point of gallium, the triple points of water, mercury and four
cryogenic gases, and the boiling points of hydrogen at two pressures)
as references for the calibration of thermometers. The temperature
of these fixed points is precisely defined and internationally agreed
Defines procedures by which certain practical thermometers of the

required quality and precision can be calibrated in such a way that
the values obtained from them can be precise and reproducible,
while at the same time representing the corresponding
thermodynamic temperatures as closely as possible
Defines interpolating equations that relate the measured property of

the instruments to the temperatures

Fixed points
Fixed points are phase change devices

Fixed points
-189.3442C TP of Argon 83.8058 K

-38.8344C TP of Mercury 234.3156 K
0.01C TP of Water 273.16 K
29.7646C MP of Gallium 302.9146 K
156.5985C FP of Indium 429.7485 K
231.928C FP of Tin 505.078 K
419.527C FP of Zinc 692.677 K
660.323C FP of Aluminum 933.473 K
961.78C FP of Silver 1234.93 K

ITS-90 ranges

Fixed point cell construction

Melting curve - Ga

SPRT a practical thermometer
Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer
Strain-free, well-annealed wire
Removes shock induced step function

Pure platinum
Resistance ratios
Removes oxidation
Protection from contamination
W(302.9146K) 1.11807 (Ga)
Alignment
Four-lead of crystal structure
construction
W(234.3156) 0.844235 (HgTP)
Standard dimensions
Good electrical insulation

Triple point of water [TPW]

TPW cell

Automated TPW
Fully automated operation
< 0.0005C uncertainty
> 12-hour plateaus
Self-calibration via water triple

point cell
Intrinsic standard

Practical aspects of TPW
Does not need recalibration
Check reference probes for drift
Valuable history record all TPW

measurements
Most accurate temperature standard
Easy to realise
Check on return from calibration
Every lab should have one !

Realising the ITS-90
Obtaining the equilibrium states as defined by the scale
Having thermometers in thermal equilibrium with those

equilibrium states
Making accurate measurements and interpretation of

the properties of those thermometers in terms of the
ITS-90

Realising the ITS-90
-196C 0.01C 156.5985C 419.527C 961.78C
LN2 TPW In FP Zn FP Ag FP
Comparator
-38.8344C 29.7646C 231.928C 660.323C
Hg TP Ga MP Sn FP Al FP
-200C 0C 200C 400C 600C 800C 1000C
SPRT Interpolation and Equations

Patco Tcal Training: Gavin Mcquillan Regional Sales Manager

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Patco TCAL Training

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 1

The temperature of an object is a measure

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 2

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 3

For a RTD, the property measured is the resistance of a platinum

For a thermocouple, the property measured is the voltage

For a thermistor, the measured property is the resistance of a semi

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 5

A comparison between measurements one

The device with the known accuracy is known

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 6

Provides confidence that the instrument has

Ensures compliance with quality systems

Provides traceability to your measurements

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 7

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 8

Generates 230V 0.1%

Gavin McQuillan Patco TCAL Training, March 2015 9

Generates 230V 0.1%

Reference standard measures 230V 0.01%

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Reference standard measures 230V

National or international standard with

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Traceability is the chain of calibrations from an unknown

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Absolute method SAMPLI NG CHAN 1

The UUT is subjected to a physically defined standard

such as a repeatable phenomenon of nature

System Calibration Sensor

The UUT is a probe and a readout joined together, the

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Mathematical model used to

ITS-90 mathematical model is

Excerpt from ITS-90

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IEC-751(DIN 43760) class A

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Probe and readout cannot not be

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Reference & UUT readout

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Standard questions to ask your customer

Type of sensor or systems being calibrated?

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Standard baths Compact baths

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Micro baths Special application baths

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Dual bock dry wells Other dry wells

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Pros Pros Pros

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Spec Dry-Wells Metrology Wells Baths

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