WEKA: A Machine

Machine Learning with Learning Toolkit

WEKA The Explorer
Classification and
Regression
Clustering
Eibe Frank Association Rules
Attribute Selection
Department of Computer Science,
University of Waikato, New Zealand Data Visualization
The Experimenter
The Knowledge
Flow GUI
Conclusions
WEKA: the bird

Copyright: Martin Kramer (mkramer@wxs.nl)

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WEKA: the software
Machine learning/data mining software written in
Java (distributed under the GNU Public License)
Used for research, education, and applications
Complements Data Mining by Witten & Frank
Main features:
Comprehensive set of data pre-processing tools,
learning algorithms and evaluation methods
Graphical user interfaces (incl. data visualization)

Environment for comparing learning algorithms

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WEKA: versions
There are several versions of WEKA:
WEKA 3.0: book version compatible with
description in data mining book
WEKA 3.2: GUI version adds graphical user
interfaces (book version is command-line only)
WEKA 3.3: development version with lots of
improvements
This talk is based on the latest snapshot of WEKA
3.3 (soon to be WEKA 3.4)

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WEKA only deals with flat files
@relation heart-disease-simplified

@attribute age numeric

@attribute sex { female, male}
@attribute chest_pain_type { typ_angina, asympt, non_anginal, atyp_angina}
@attribute cholesterol numeric
@attribute exercise_induced_angina { no, yes}
@attribute class { present, not_present}

@data
63,male,typ_angina,233,no,not_present
67,male,asympt,286,yes,present
67,male,asympt,229,yes,present
38,female,non_anginal,?,no,not_present
...

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WEKA only deals with flat files
@relation heart-disease-simplified

@attribute age numeric

@attribute sex { female, male}
@attribute chest_pain_type { typ_angina, asympt, non_anginal, atyp_angina}
@attribute cholesterol numeric
@attribute exercise_induced_angina { no, yes}
@attribute class { present, not_present}

@data
63,male,typ_angina,233,no,not_present
67,male,asympt,286,yes,present
67,male,asympt,229,yes,present
38,female,non_anginal,?,no,not_present
...

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Explorer: pre-processing the data
Data can be imported from a file in various
formats: ARFF, CSV, C4.5, binary
Data can also be read from a URL or from an SQL
database (using JDBC)
Pre-processing tools in WEKA are called filters
WEKA contains filters for:
Discretization, normalization, resampling, attribute
selection, transforming and combining attributes,

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Explorer: building classifiers
Classifiers in WEKA are models for predicting
nominal or numeric quantities
Implemented learning schemes include:
Decision trees and lists, instance-based classifiers,
support vector machines, multi-layer perceptrons,
logistic regression, Bayes nets,
Meta-classifiers include:
Bagging, boosting, stacking, error-correcting output
codes, locally weighted learning,

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QuickTime and a TI FF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. University of Waikato 65
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QuickTime and a TI FF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. University of Waikato 66
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QuickTime and a TI FF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. University of Waikato 67
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 Qu i ck Ti me a nd a TIFF (LZW)d ec omp res so ra re ne ed ed to s ee th i s pi c tu re.

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QuickTime and a TI FF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

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QuickTime and a TI FF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

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QuickTime and a TI FF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

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Explorer: clustering data
WEKA contains clusterers for finding groups of
similar instances in a dataset
Implemented schemes are:
k-Means, EM, Cobweb, X-means, FarthestFirst
Clusters can be visualized and compared to true
clusters (if given)
Evaluation based on loglikelihood if clustering
scheme produces a probability distribution

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Explorer: finding associations
WEKA contains an implementation of the Apriori
algorithm for learning association rules
Works only with discrete data
Can identify statistical dependencies between
groups of attributes:
milk, butter bread, eggs (with confidence 0.9 and
support 2000)
Apriori can compute all rules that have a given
minimum support and exceed a given confidence

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Explorer: attribute selection
Panel that can be used to investigate which
(subsets of) attributes are the most predictive ones
Attribute selection methods contain two parts:
A search method: best-first, forward selection,
random, exhaustive, genetic algorithm, ranking
An evaluation method: correlation-based, wrapper,
information gain, chi-squared,
Very flexible: WEKA allows (almost) arbitrary
combinations of these two

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Explorer: data visualization
Visualization very useful in practice: e.g. helps to
determine difficulty of the learning problem
WEKA can visualize single attributes (1-d) and
pairs of attributes (2-d)
To do: rotating 3-d visualizations (Xgobi-style)
Color-coded class values
Jitter option to deal with nominal attributes (and
to detect hidden data points)
Zoom-in function
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Performing experiments
Experimenter makes it easy to compare the
performance of different learning schemes
For classification and regression problems
Results can be written into file or database
Evaluation options: cross-validation, learning
curve, hold-out
Can also iterate over different parameter settings
Significance-testing built in!

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The Knowledge Flow GUI
New graphical user interface for WEKA
Java-Beans-based interface for setting up and
running machine learning experiments
Data sources, classifiers, etc. are beans and can
be connected graphically
Data flows through components: e.g.,
data source -> filter -> classifier -> evaluator
Layouts can be saved and loaded again later

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Conclusion: try it yourself!
WEKA is available at
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka
Also has a list of projects based on WEKA
WEKA contributors:
Abdelaziz Mahoui, Alexander K. Seewald, Ashraf M. Kibriya, Bernhard
Pfahringer , Brent Martin, Peter Flach, Eibe Frank ,Gabi Schmidberger
,Ian H. Witten , J. Lindgren, Janice Boughton, Jason Wells, Len Trigg,
Lucio de Souza Coelho, Malcolm Ware, Mark Hall ,Remco Bouckaert ,
Richard Kirkby, Shane Butler, Shane Legg, Stuart Inglis, Sylvain Roy,
Tony Voyle, Xin Xu, Yong Wang, Zhihai Wang

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