Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition

Rod R. Seeley
Idaho State University
Trent D. Stephens
Idaho State University
Philip Tate
Phoenix College

Chapter 01
Lecture Outline*
*See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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 Chapter 1
The Human Organism

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 Overview of Anatomy and
Physiology

Anatomy: Scientific discipline that

investigates the bodys structure

Physiology: Scientific investigation of the

processes or functions of living things

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 Topics of Anatomy

Gross or macroscopic: Structures examined

without a microscope
Regional: Studied area by area
Systemic: Studied system by system
Surface: External form and relation to deeper
structures as x-ray in anatomic imaging
Microscopic: Structures seen with the microscope
Cytology: Cellular anatomy
Histology: Study of tissues

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 Topics of Physiology

Reveals dynamic nature of living things

Consider operations of specific organ
systems
Cell physiology: Examines processes in cells
Neurophysiology: Focuses on the nervous
system

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 Structural & Functional
Organizations

Chemical level
Atoms
Molecules
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level

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Structural & Functional
Organizations

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Organ Systems of the Body

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Organ Systems of the Body

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Organ Systems of the Body

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Organ Systems of the Body

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 Characteristics of Life
Organization: Condition in which there are
specific relationships and functions
Metabolism: All chemical reactions of the body
Responsiveness: Ability to sense changes and
adjust
Growth
Development: Changes over time
Differentiation: Change from general to specific
Reproduction: New cells versus organisms
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 Feedback
Positive Feedback: When a deviation occurs,
response is to make deviation greater
Leads away from homeostasis
Can result in death

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 Terminology and Body Plan
Anatomical Position
Body erect, face forward,
feet together, palms face
forward
Other Body Positions
Supine: lying face upward
Prone: lying face downward
Directional Terms
Superior versus Inferior
Anterior versus Posterior
Medial versus Lateral
Proximal versus Distal
Superficial versus Deep 1-14
Body Parts and Regions

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Body Parts and Regions

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Abdominal Subdivisions

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 Body Planes
Sagittal / Midsagittal / Median
Frontal or Coronal
Transverse / Cross
Oblique: Other than at a right angle

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Body Cavities

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 Serous Membranes
Cover the organs of trunk
cavities & line them
Parietal lines cavity walls
Visceral covers organs
Serous fluid secreted for
lubrication by membranes
Named for their specific
cavity & organs
Pericardium refers to heart
Pleura refers to lungs and
thoracic cavity
Peritoneum refers to
abdominopelvic cavity
Inflammation of the serous
membranes 1-20
Serous Membranes

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Serous Membranes

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Medical Imaging - Clinical Focus

X-Ray or radiograph is shadowy negative of internal

body structures
CT or computed tomography is refined version of an
x-ray and slices body
DSR or dynamic spatial reconstruction is three
dimensional imaging and allows movement
Sonography or ultrasound is inexpensive and safer
than ionizing radiation
MRI or magnetic resonance imaging produces high-
contrast imaging of soft tissues

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