usion

and
Fixed Prosthodon
Guided by Presented by

Dr.R.Venkat MDS.,PhD(Reader) Dr.Vishal Reddy

Dr.B.MuthukumarMDS(professor&HOD) P.G.Student
DEFINITION:

The act (or) process

of closure (or) of being
closed (or) shut off.

The static relationship

between the incising or
masticating surfaces of
maxillary or mandibular
teeth or tooth (GPT-8)
 INTRODUCTION:

Occlusion is the dynamic

interplay of various
components
including the teeth, their
supporting tissues, the jaw
muscles, the
temporomandibular joints and
the central
pattern generator and other
associated cortical interactions
 Key to dentistry

Occlusion

Key to oral health

 Success of occlusal
treatment has been
subjective not documented
with clinical research.

Occlusion is often
executed with
Successful instrumentation
restoration (articulators) without
sufficient to the
depend biological properties.

on :
A singular concept of
occlusion cannot be
applied to all patients.
patients
The rationale of occlusion is :

1) Preservation

2) Restore

3) Maintain state of function and ortho function conceptual

goals that guide the treatment of occlusion

4) Restorations are designed to conform to the functional

tolerances of the patient

5) A specific occlusion should be individually determined.

6) To direct the occlusal forces along long axis of the teeth.

7) To attain simultaneous contact of all teeth in
centric relation

8) To eliminate any occlusal contact on incline

planes to enhance the positional stability of
the teeth.

9) To have centric relation coincide with

maximum intercuspation position.

10) To arrive at the occlusal scheme selected for

the patient [unilateral balanced vs. mutually
protected]
 Centric Relation:

bone-to-bone
relation.

It is the relation between the

maxilla and the mandible when
the Condyles are in the rear
most upper most mid most in
the Glenoid fossae (known as
the rum position).

It is a relation where the

condyle is in a hinge
position.
The most recent definition is :

the centric relation is the

maxillo-mandibular relationship
in which the condyles articulate
with
the thinnest avascular portion of
their respective disks with the
complex in the anterior-superior
position against the shapes of
the
articular eminencies.
Centric Occlusion:

This is a relation between the lower and the

upper teeth, that is, it is a tooth-to-tooth relation.

Defined as being the occlusion of teeth as the

mandible closes in centric relation.

It is a reference point from which all other

relations are eccentric.
 Maximum Intercuspation:

It is the most closed complete interdigitation of mandibular and

maxillary teeth irrespective of condylar centricity.

If in maximum intercuspation the condyles are physiologically

centered, then both the maximum intercuspal position and the
centric occlusion position are the same.

In other words, maximum intercuspation may or may not coincide

with centric occlusion, depending on the position of the condyle.
However, if maximum intercuspation
occurs with the condyles being out
of centricity, then both positions
would not coincide, with the
maximum intercuspation in that
case, referred to as the habitual
closure,
closure and is considered as an
eccentric position. In that case the
intercuspal position is in a
position forward to the
centric position, and at a
lower vertical dimension.
MANDIBULAR MOVEMENTS

With the condylar rotation and translation, the

mandible is capable of performing the
following movements:

1-Opening
2-Protrusive
3-Lateral Excursions: right and left
SAGITTAL PLANE :
 The rotational movement is limited
about 12mm of incisor separation
before the temperomandibular
ligaments and structures anterior to the
mastoid process force the mandible to
translate.

The initial rotational motion is

between condyle and articular disk.
During translation the lateral pterygoid
muscle pulls the condyle disk
assemble forward.
 1, Mandibular incisors
track along the lingual
concavity of the maxillary
anterior teeth.

2, Edge-to-edge position.

3, Incisors move
superiorly until posterior
tooth contact recurs.

4, Protrusive path.
Posselt's three dimensional
representation of the total envelope 5, Most protrusive
of mandibular movement. mandibular position.
HORIZONTAL PLANE :
Protrusive movement
in
horizontal plane
 The horizontal plane the mandible is capable of
rotation around several vertical axes.

The lateral translation around this axis is Bennet

movement.

The orbiting (non working ) condyles travel

forward and medially as limited by medial aspect of
mandibular fossa and TMJ.
FRONTAL PLANE:
The lateral movement in the frontal plane,
the mediotrusive condyles move down
and medially. While latrotrusive
(working) condyle rotates around sagittal
axis perpendicular to this plane. This may
be lateral and upward.
 Lateral movement
in the
frontal plane

Protrusive movement
in the frontal plane
BENNETT ANGLE :
The Determinants of Mandibular Movement
Posterior and Anterior Determinants :

The characteristics of mandibular movement are established

Posteriorly

by the morphology of the temporomandibular joints

Anteriorly

by the relationship of the anterior teeth.

The posterior determinants :

slope of the articular eminences,

anatomy of the medial walls of the mandibular

fossae,

configuration of the mandibular condylar processes

 Posterior determinants of occlusion.

Angle of the articular eminence Anatomy of the medial walls

(condylar guidance angle). of the mandibular fossae.
1, Flat; 1,Greater than average;
2, average; 2, average;
3, steep. 3, minimal sideshift.
The anterior determinants :

The vertical and horizontal overlaps

The maxillary lingual concavities of the

anterior teeth.
The anterior determinants :
The closer a tooth is located to a
determinant, the more that it will be
influenced by that determinant .
FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENTS :

1. Chewing.

2. Speaking.
Chewing :

When incising food, adults open their

mouth a comfortable distance and
move the mandible forward until
they incise, with the anterior teeth
meeting approximately edge to edge.

The food bolus is then transported to

the center of the mouth as the
mandible returns to its starting
position, with the incisal edges of the
mandibular anterior teeth tracking
along the lingual concavities of the
maxillary anterior teeth
 The direction of the mandibular
path of closure is influenced by the
inclination of the occlusal plane
with the tooth apart and by the
occlusal guidance as the jaw
approaches intercuspal position.

The stimuli from the

pressoreceptors play important role
in the development of functional
chewing cycle.
Mastication is learned process. At
birth no occlusal plane exists and
only after the first teeth have erupted
for enough to contact each other is a
message sent from receptors to
cerebral cortex, which controls the
stimuli to the masticatory
musculature.
Speaking :

During speech, the teeth are generally not in

contact, although the anterior teeth may come
very close together during "C, "CH," "S,"
and "Z" sounds, forming the "speaking
space.""

When pronouncing the fricative "F," the

inner vermilion border of the lower lip traps
air against the incisal edges of the maxillary
incisors.
PARA FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENTS :

1. Bruxism

2. Clenching

3. Nail biting

4. Pencil chewing
Bruxism : Sustained grinding, rubbing
together, or gnashing of the
teeth with greater-than-normal
chewing force is known as
bruxism

Some times because of the

bruxism there will be complete
wear of teeth. In that case it is
very difficult to establish the
occlusal relationship. This can
be treated by occlusal device
therapy.
Clenching : Clenching is defined as forceful
clamping together of the jaws in a
static relationship.

The pressure thus created can be

maintained over a considerable time
with short periods of relaxation in
between.

clenching does not cause much

damage because the force exists
along the long axis of the tooth.
Increased load effects
masticatory system.
Occlusal Interferences :

Four types :

1. Centric

2. Working

3. Nonworking

4. Protrusive
Centric interference :

A centric occlusal interference often occurs during

mandibular closure between maxillary mesial-facing
cusp inclines and mandibular distal-facing inclines. As
a result, the mandible is deflected anteriorly
working interference :

A working interference may occur between maxillary

lingual-facing cusp inclines and mandibular buccalfacing
cusp inclines on the working side.
Nonworking interference :

A nonworking interference results when there is contact

between maxillary buccal-facing cusp inclines and mandibular
lingual-facing cusp inclines on the nonworking side
protrusive interference :

A protrusive interference ocurs when distal-facing inlines of

maxillary posterior teeth contact mesial-facing inlines of
mandibular posterior teeth during a protrusive movement
The optimum occlusion is one that requires a minimum of
adaptation by the patient.

The criteria for such an occlusion have been described by

Okeson :

1. In closure, the condyles are in the most superoanterior

position against the discs on the posterior slopes of
the eminences of the glenoid fossae. The posterior
teeth are in solid and even contact, and the anterior
teeth are in slightly lighter contact.

2. Occlusal forces are in the long axes of the teeth.

3. In lateral excursions of the mandible,
working-side contacts (preferably on the
canines) disocclude or separate the
nonworking teeth instantly.

4. In protrusive excursions, anterior tooth

contacts will disocclude the posterior teeth.

5 In an upright posture, posterior teeth

contact more heavily than do anterior teeth.
Various concepts of Occlusion :

1. BILATERALLY BALANCED ARTICULATION

2. UNILATERALLY BALANCED ARTICULATION

(GROUP FUNCTION)

3. MUTUALLY PROTECTED OCCLUSION

Bilateral Balanced Occlusion :

Bilateral balanced occlusion is based on the work of

von Spee and Monson

maximum number of teeth in contact in maximum

intereuspation and in all excursive positions of the
mandible.

This is particularly useful in complete denture

construction, in which contact on the nonworking side
is important to prevent tipping of the denture.
as the principles of bilateral balance were applied to the
natural dentition and in fixed prosthodontics, it proved to be
extremely difficult to accomplish, even with great attention to
detail and sophisticated articulators.

In addition, high rates of failure resulted.

An increased rate of occlusal wear, increased or accelerated

periodontal breakdown, and neuromuscular disturbances were
commonly observed.
Unilateral Balanced Occlusion : group function

as cross-arch balance was not

necessary in natural teeth, it would
be best to eliminate all tooth
contact on the nonworking side.
The functionally generated path technique,
originally described by Meyer, is used for
producing restorations in unilateral balanced
occlusion. It has been adapted by Mann and
Pankey for use in complete-mouth occlusal
reconstruction.
Long Centric : Schuyler

from 0.5 to 1.5 mm in length

the condyles can translate horizontally in the fossae over a

commensurate trajectory before beginning to move
downward.

It also necessitates a greater horizontal space between the

maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (deeper lingual
concavity), allowing horizontal movement before
posterior disocclusion.
MUTUALLY PROTECTED OCCLUSION :
Stuart and Stallard

In this arrangement, centric relation

coincides with the maximum
intercuspation position

The six anterior maxillary teeth,

together with the six anterior
mandibular teeth, guide excursive
movements of the mandible, and no
posterior occlusal contacts occur
during any lateral or protrusive
excursions
MUTUALLY PROTECTED OCCLUSION :

The features of a mutually protected

occlusion are as follows :

1. Uniform contact of all teeth around the arch

when the mandibular condylar processes are in
their most superior position

2. Stable posterior tooth contacts with vertically

directed resultant forces
3. Centric relation coincident with maximum
intercuspation (intercuspal position) (CR = MI)

4. No contact of posterior teeth in lateral or

protrusive Movements

5. Anterior tooth contacts harmonizing with

functional jaw movements
Pathogenic occlusion :

mobility implants early failure

Tooth pain

pain in jaw joints Damaged restoration Sensitivity of teeth

OCCLUSAL TREATMENT :

tooth movement through orthodontics,

elimination of deflective occlusal contacts

through selective reshaping of the occlusal
surfaces of teeth, or the restoration

replacement of missing teeth resulting in

more favorable distribution of occlusal force.
OCCLUSAL TREATMENT :
removable occlusal device
NATURAL
Vs
FIXED OCCLUSION:

Angle class I occlusion is characterised by simultaneous

equalized contacts of all teeth in maximum intercuspation

Centric occlusion is generally not coincidental with

terminal arc of closure (centric relation) usually, the
centric occlusal contact is cusp marginal ridge
relationship

In straight protrusion the anterior incisor teeth disocclude

all posterior teeth
NATURAL
Vs
FIXED OCCLUSION:

In a lateral excursion the working

canine may disocclude posterior teeth
on working side or may permit
posterior teeth on working side to
occlude simultaneously (Group
function) tooth contact on working
side in lateral excursion is
undesirable. Since it may interfere
with the patient comfort and
mastication.
NATURAL
Vs
FIXED OCCLUSION:

When majority of the occlusal surfaces are restored with fixed

restoration the patients identical pre-existing centric occlusal
position cannot be preserved.

Therefore the restored centric occlusion is planned to coincide

with centric relation repeatable position

All the interceptive occlusal contacts along the terminal arc

of closure has to be eliminated.
NATURAL
Vs
FIXED OCCLUSION:

The restored centric occlusion is a simultaneous equalized

contact of all teeth coincidental with centric relation

The dentist selects the locations of centric occlusal contacts

Frequently cusp fossa occlusion is prescribed to enhance the

stability occlusal tables are narrowed to maintain forces
within the confines of root system and a minimise non-
working contact

Group function is prescribed if canine compromised cannot

support entire eccentric load
AN EXTENSION BASE RPD THAT OCCLUDES
FIXED RESTORATION :
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING:

1) Jaw relation records are made and diagnostic casts are

mounted on semi adjustable articulator.

2) The height of the occlusal plane and length of the

occlusal table is determined.
3) A trail step up of RPD is arranged

4) The fixed restoration are planned with a diagnostic wax

up to occlude denture base.

5) Lower RPD is the excellent guide for occlusal grinding

during preparation
6) After tooth preparation master cast with the removable dies
is mounted on the articulator

7) Now the occlusal wax up done for the fixed restoration.

8) Metal occlusal surfaces are preferred nor the cast restoration.

9) Centric occlusal contacts are verified with the 0.0005-

inch shim- stock.

10) If the porcelain is used for the aesthetic purpose the

RPD porcelain teeth are used for the RPD
PROBLEMS AND COMMON ERRORS :

Usually, the planning for RPD is postponed until after the

fixed restoration is definitively seated.

The common error is to arbitrarily wax the fixed

restoration without regard to occlusal scheme for RPD. This
leads to unfavourable plane of occlusion.
MAXILLARY DENTURE THAT OCCLUDES
WITH FIXED RESTORATION :

1) A secured based with occlusal rim fabricated for maxillary

diagnostic cast

2) Jaw relations are made mounted on the articulated

3) A diagnostic set up of maxillary denture teeth is arranged

4) Maxillary anterior teeth are not placed in contact with

the mandibular teeth (to improve the anterior g---) and
evaluated
5) The fixed restoration are planned with diagnostic wax up
6) The completed diagnostic occlusal scheme includes bilateral.
Simultaneously non-deflective contact of all posterior teeth in
centric relation with no contact of anterior teeth.

7) After the tooth preparation the mandibular cost with

removable dies mounted on the articulator.

8) Metal occlusion on the fixed restoration with acrylic resin

teeth are on CD is recommended.
Inter occlusal records: two basic categories

1) Centric registrations: a) Centric occlusion records

b) Centric relation records

2) Eccentric registrations: a) Lateral excursive records

b) Protrusive records.
These registratitions are accomplished with various
materials and techniques.

The materials are used:

1) Plaster
2) Waxes
3) Zinc oxide Eugenol paste
4) Silicone elastomers
5) Polyether elastomers
6) Acrylic resins
Centric registration:
Centric occlusion:
The most accurate and frequently utilized centric
occlusion registration is articulation of the patients
casts
This method is of interdigitation of patients interocclusal
relationship is unstable when the distal most molar is
prepared as the abutment for three to five unit posterior
FPD
it should be make sure that the inter occlusal relationship
should be repeatable
Stability is accomplished by supplementing the max
intercuspation with an inter occlusal record (or)
occlusal stop.
 CENTRIC RELATION:

1) CHIN POINT GUIDANCE :

mandible is guided in an arcing motion to the
terminal hinge position

2) DAWSONS BIMANUAL MANIPULATION :

thumb lightly over the symphysis

region and fingers along the inferior
border of the mandible
3) TONGUE TO PALATE:

tongue has to touch the posterior border of the hard palate

REGISTRATION TECHNIQUES:

1) Bite wafer technique :

The most common techniques is a thermoplastic bite

wafer made from baseplate wax (or) similar material

2) Anterior stop technique

ANTERIOR STOP TECHNIQUE: [LUCIA JIG]

The anterior stop centric relation record is

accomplished with an anterior deprogramming appliance.

This technique involves an anterior acrylic jig that

is fabricated before the inter occlusal record.

This jig deprograms the influence of the posterior

dentition by creating a platform that the incisal edge of
the mandibular central incisor contracts.

This provides posterior space for the interocclusal

material and carrier
FABRICATION OF ANTERIOR JIG:

1.Burnish a small piece of the foil over the lingual surfaces and
incisal edge of maxillary central on the cast.

2. Mix 2ml of acrylic monomer and 4 ml of acrylic powder in

mixing up. When it reaches the doughy stage, apply it to the foil
on the cusp and mold it to a gently slopping ramp. Allow the
acrylic to set.

3. Remove the jig from the cast and seat it on the patient
anterior teeth. Instruct the patient to close on your back teeth.
Observe the interocclusal distance between the most posterior
teeth
4. Adjust the jig by making with articulating paper and grinding the
masks until positives teeth are within 1 mm of interocclusal
distance. This clearance can be tested by interposing a 1 mm thick
rubber band held in articulating forceps

5. Leave the jig in place while preparing the wax wafer.

PREPARATION OF WAX WAFER AND CENTRAL
RELATION RECORD :

1.Heat the wax wafer both for 1mm and press the warmed bite
wafer to the occlusal of the maxillary teeth with the jig in
place.
2. Remove the wafer (heating the jig) and refine the shape to the
patient arch form. Repeat the trimmed wafer and replace it on
the maxillary teeth..
3. Guide the mandible by asking the patient to close on the back
teeth wait for 30seconds. Remove the wafer and run it under
cold water.

4. Remove the wafer and apply this layer of ZOE. Guide the
mandible again. Allow the material to set
ECCENTRIC REGISTRATION:

LATERAL CHECK-BITE:

1.Before the lateral interocclusal registration is fabricated

the patients casts are mounted on arcon articulator using
appropriate face bow until relation record.
2.Manipulate the mandibular number of the articulation
into left excursion so that left mandibular canine is edge
to the edge the left maxillary canine.

3. Make a pencil mark at the point on the incisal table that

the incisal pin contacts when casts are in this edge-to-
edge lateral excursion position.
4. Soften the wax wafer and place it on the lower cast move the
upper member to previously determined position indicated by
pencil mark on incisal guide table.

5. The bite paste fills the voids in records between the arbitrary
articulator setting and the patients condylar inclinations

6. After the paste has set, trim the lateral check-bite so

only shallow cuspal imprints remain

7. Repeat the procedure using right lateral excursions to set the

left condylar inclination.
PROTRUSIVE RECORDS:

When non-arcon articulator is used

protrusive record is indicated
protrusive- record fabrication is similar
to the lateral interocclusal records.
But one record is enough.
OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT:
INTEROCCLUSAL POSITION ADJUSTMENT
-Facio occlusal part of maxillary
arch within the limitations or
coronal reshaping

-Verify that the incisal edge facets

are rounded over on the maxillary
canines
LATEROTRUSIVE ADJUSTMENT

-When a mandibular cusp has an interceptive

contact on the inner incline of maxillary tooth,
make, widen (or) deepen a transverse groove on the
maxillary inner incline

-When a maxillary facial cusp (or its triangular

ridge) has an interceptive contact on the outer incline
of mandibular tooth, make, widen (or) deepen a
transverse groove on the mandibular outer incline.
-When a maxillary cusp (its triangular ridge) and
mandibular cusp (its facial edge) have an interceptive
contact, make a transverse groove in mandibular cusp
(its facial ridge)
 -When a maxillary cusp inner incline has an interceptive
contact against mandibular outer incline, make, widen (or)
deepen a transverse groove in maxillary incline in the
anterior half of the interference and make, widen (or)
deepen a transverse groove in mandibular in the mandibular
incline in the posterior half of the interference.

-When maxillary lingual cusp has an interceptive contact

against mandibular cuspal element (d) elements, shorten,
reshape (or) move the mandibular cuspal elements.
MEDIOTRUSIVE ADJUSTMENT:
-When maxillary and mandibular support
cuspal elements have an interceptive
contact
-Make a mesiolingual groove in the anterior half
of the interference on the maxillary cuspal
elements

Make a distofacial groove in the posterior half of the

interference on the mandibular cuspal element
PROSTRUSIVE ADJUSTMENT:
-The incising edge-to-edge relationship should be as a
straight ward as possible. It is deviates significantly to one
side, level the maxillary incisal edges (or) non-IP
mandibular surfaces to attain a straighter incising edge to
edge position

-Eliminate all unnecessary protrusive contact and

reshape incisal contact that causes a midline deviation
to edge to edge position by:
i. Shortening posterior shear cusps

ii. Reshaping maxillary anterior guiding surfaces

iii. Reshaping non IP areas on mandibular teeth

After the restoration has been
seated and margin integrity and
stability are acceptable, the
occlusal contact with the opposing
teeth has to be checked. Any
undesirable eccentric contacts and
centric interferences must be
identified.
MATERIAL & METHODS:

-Before seating the casting assess the contact relationship

between maxillary and mandibular teeth. For this purpose,
MYLAR SHIM STOCK is used.
Seat the restoration, have the patient close, and
reassess the contacts. The new restoration
should hold the shim stock without altering
existing tooth relationships. If a discrepancy is
detected, a decision must be made whether this
can be adjusted intraorally (or) whether a
remount procedure.

-Make any interference that are detected. Have

the patient close on articulating ribbon (or) tape.
-Adjust these interferences with diamond (or) white stone
always checking the thickness of casting

-Some times adjusting an opposing cusp rather than

cemented restoration is recommended
Care must be taken to identify the true inter occlusal
contact leaves a mask with a clean centre (like bulls
eye). But false contact leaves smudge

-Shim stock is more reliable indicator than ribbon (or) tape.

Marking ribbon (or) tape is better to help determine the
location or interference
If ribbon (or) tape is used, no different colours are used.
These different colors help in identifying the centric and
eccentric contacts
-Another technique to check the interferences is AIR
BORNE PARTICLE ABRASION UNIT WITH
ALUMNIUM OXIDE.

-BISQUE STAGE better for gross occlusal

adjustment involving porcelain, because
interferences more easily marked on Bisque surface
than glazed porcelain.
EFFECTS OF ANATOMIC DETERMINANTS:

The anatomic determinants of mandibular movements i.e.

condylar & anterior guidance (or) anterior (&) posterior
determinants

These determinants have the strong influence on the

occlusal morphology of teeth being restored. There is a
relationship between numerous factors such as inclination
of the 1). Articular eminence; 2.) Medial wall of
glenoid fossa 3). Intercondylar distance.
CONDYLAR GUIDANCE:
1. Inclination of the condylar path during protrusive
movement can vary from steeper to shallow
The average angle with horizontal interference plane is 30
If the protrusive inclination is steep, the cusp height is longer.
If the inclination is shallow, the cusp height made shorter.
2. If a patient has steeply sloped eminences there will be
a large downward component of condylar movement
during lateral and protrusive movement. Similarly the
anatomy of the mesial wall of the glenoid fossa
normally will allow the condyle to move slightly
medially, as it travels forward
If the medial wall of glenoid fossa allows the condyle more
lateral translation the posterior cusp must be shorter. If it
allows condyle to minimal translation, the posterior must be
taller.
 3. If the intercondylar distance is greater, smaller the
angle between latrotrusive and mediotrusive movement
If the intercondylar distance is lesser, the angle between the
latrotrusive and mediotrusive is increased.

ANTERIOR DETERMINANTS:

During protrusive movement of the mandible, the incisal

edges of the mandibular anterior teeth move forward and
downward along the lingual concavities of the maxillary
anterior teeth.
If the horizontal overlap of anterior teeth increased, the
posterior cusp must be short; it is reduced. The posterior
cusp must be taller.

If the vertical overlap of anterior teeth is increased the cusps must

be taller; it decreases the cusp must be shorter.

OTHER DETERMINANTS:
OCCLUSAL PLANE:

If the occlusal plane is more parallel to the condylar guidance,

the posterior cusp must be shorter. If the plane is less parallel
posterior cusp must be longer
CURVE OF SPEE:

If the curve is more convex; the cusps must be shorter.

If the curve is less convex the cusp must be longer.

MOLAR DISOCCLUSION:

In subjects with normal occlusions perform repeated

lateral mandibular movements. They will not trace
the same path on electrotonic readings. Because of
flexible nature of the articular disc. The maximum
difference that is observed is 0.2 mm in centric
relation, 0.3 in working; 0.8 mm in both protrusive
and non-working movement.
 A shallow protrusive condylar
inclination requires short
cusps

a steeper path
permits the cusps
to be longer
 A pronounced immediate
lateral translation
requires that cusps to be
short

Gradual lateral
translation allows the
cusps to be longer
The angle between
the working and non-
working paths is
greater on teeth
located farther from
the condyle
 A pronounced vertical
overlap of anterior teeth
permits posterior teeth
to have longer cusps

A minimum anterior
vertical overlap
requires shorter
cusps
 A pronounced
horizontal overlap of
anterior teeth
requires short cusps
on posterior teeth

A minimum anterior
horizontal overlap
requires cusps to be
longer
 Shallow protrusive
path requires short
cusps with minimal
anterior guidance

Increased anterior
guidance requires
longer cusps
 A pronounced
immediate lateral
translation with little
anterior guidance
requires short cusps

Increased anterior
guidance requires the
cusps to be lengthened
impression material has been pulled away
from the tray on withdrawal from the
mouth. This will equate to at least a 1mm
occlusal error
A custom acrylic guide table
for use with a semi-adjustable
articulator. This is an
excellent method of copying
tooth guidance into definitive
restorations
Treatment Use Articulator
1. Simplex articulator
Single restoration 2. Laboratory Technical
3. Steeles articulator

1. Mark II articulator
Multiple restorations 2. ARH articulator
Fixed partial 3. H-2 articulator
Dentures, and 4. New Occlusomatic
Mimimal occlusal Articulator
Pathology 5. Teledyne articulator
6. Whip-Mix articulator
Treatment Use Articulator

Multiple restorations In 1. Aderer simulator,

opposing quadrants, 2. D 5-A articulator
Full-mouth reconstruc- 3. Model P
Tion, and extensive 4. Stuart articulator
Occlusal pathology 5. TMJ articulator
References :
1. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics, Herbert T.
Schillingburg , third edition.

2. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, Stephen F.Rosensteil, third

edition.

3. William FP Malone, David L Koth: Tylmans Theory and

Practice of Fixed Prosthodontics; 8th Edition.

4. Hobo S, Shillingburg HT, Whitsett LD. Articulator selection for

restorative dentistry. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1976
Jul 1;36(1):35-43.

5. Steele JG, Nohl FS, Wassell RW. Crowns and other extra-
coronal restorations: occlusal considerations and articulator
selection. British dental journal. 2002 Apr 13;192(7):377.