Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Circuits
Prepared and arranged by :
Da BUDZ
Objective
To understand the process in obtaining Transfer function on circuits
To understand the process of RLC circuits
To
Procedure for finding the transfer functions of
electric networks:
1. First draw the given electrical network in the s domain with each
inductance L replaced by sL and each capacitance replaced by 1/sC.
2. Replace all sources and time variables with their Laplace transforms
so that v(t) is replaced by V(s) and i(t) by I(s) respectively.
3. Use KVL,KCL , mesh analysis, node analysis to write the network
equations
Here you can see an RLC circuit in which the switch has been open for a
long time. The switch is closed at time t = 0.
In this circuit, you have the following KVL equation:
Ohms law describes the voltage across the resistor (noting that i(t) =
iL(t) because the circuit is connected in series, where I(s) = IL(s) are the
Laplace transforms):
vR(t) = i(t)R
The inductors element equation is given by :
For the second term of the KVL equation dealing with resistor R, the
Laplace transform is simply
[i(t)R] = I(s)R
For the third term in the KVL expression dealing with capacitor C, you
have
Transient response
Steady state response
The response of control system in time domain is
shown in the following figure.
Here, both the transient and the steady states are indicated in the figure. The
responses corresponding to these states are known as transient and steady
state responses.
c(t)=ctr(t)+css(t)
c(t)=ctr(t)+css(t)
Where,
The transient response will be zero for large values of t. Ideally, this
value of t is infinity and practically, it is five times constant.
limtctr(t)=0
Steady state Response
The part of the time response that remains even after the transient
response has zero value for large values of t is known as steady state
response. This means, the transient response will be zero even during
the steady state.
Example
Let us find the transient and steady state terms of the time response of
the control system c(t)=10+5etc(t)=10+5et
Here, the second term 5et5et will be zero as t denotes infinity. So,
this is the transient term.
And the first term 10 remains even as t approaches infinity. So, this is
the steady state term.
Response of the First Order System
Consider the following block diagram of the closed loop control system.
Here, an open loop transfer function, 1/sT is connected with a unity
negative feedback.
We know that the transfer function of the closed loop control system has unity
negative feedback as,
The power of s is one in the denominator term. Hence, the above transfer
function is of the first order and the system is said to be the first order system.
We can re-write the equation as
C(s)=( (1 / sT+1) ) R(s)
Where,