CE 410 - HYDROLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY:
IMPACT, HYDROLOGIC CYCLE,
AND PRECIPITATION

GROUP 2
Alfaro, Marie Joy C.
Camba, Jeselle C.
Fernando, Joseph Matthew L.
Paet, Dhymar Fae A.
Ramirez, Ma. Janella M.
HYDROLOGY |Impact
 HYDROLOGY | Impact

The impacts of hydrology could be seen with

the following aspects:

1. Applications of Hydrology to an
ecosystem
2. Importance of Hydrology to the
environment and in Civil Engineering
 HYDROLOGY | Impact
Assessing Determining the
impacts of water balance
natural and
human induced for a region
environmental
Designing change on
irrigation water resources
schemes
Designing
drainage
systems Designing
Urban
drinking
water Determining
and agricultural
Assessing water balance
export of sewer
sediment systems
& nutrients Predicting
from fields floods
to water
systems

Designing buffers
 HYDROLOGY | Impact

Importance of Hydrology in the environment

in-line with Civil Engineering Program

Hydrology is used to find out maximum

probable flood at proposed sites e.g.
Dams.
 HYDROLOGY | Impact

The variation of water production from

catchments can be calculated and
described by hydrology.

Engineering hydrology enables us to find

out the relationship between a
catchments surface water and
groundwater resources
 HYDROLOGY | Impact

The expected flood flows over a spillway,

at a highway culvert, or in an urban storm
drainage system can be known by this
very subject.

It helps us to know the required reservoir

capacity to assure adequate water for
irrigation or municipal water supply in
droughts condition.
 HYDROLOGY | Impact

It tells us what hydrologic hardware (e.g.

rain gauges, stream gauges etc) and
software (computer models) are needed
for real-time flood forecasting
HYDROLOGY |The Hydrologic Cycle
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle

Evaporation

It is the process wherein the liquid

coming from bodies of water (oceans, seas,
rivers etc.) changes into gas or specifically
vapor.
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle

Transpiration
It is the process involving evaporation of water from
the surface of leaves of plants.
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle

Condensation
It is the process wherein the gas in a form of vapor
coming from the atmosphere. It is usually in the form of
clouds.
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle

Precipitation
It is the process which involves the fall of water to
the ground as rain, snow, etc. due to the presence of
gravity.
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle

Runoff
It is the flow water to bodies of water such as
oceans, seas, streams etc. from the ground surface.
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle

Infiltration
It is the process wherein surface water seeps or
passes to the subsurface when the soil or the ground has
high hydrologic conductivity or permeability (soil
percolation).
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle

Subsurface Flow
It is the flow of water from the subsurface to the
bodies of water.
HYDROLOGY | The Hydrologic Cycle
3

Transpiration
Evaporation
Infiltration
2
Condensation
4
Runoff
Precipitation
Subsurface flow
5
1

7
HYDROLOGY |Precipitation
 HYDROLOGY | Precipitation

Precipitation
It is the process which involves the fall of water to
the ground as rain, snow, etc. due to the presence of
gravity.
 HYDROLOGY | Precipitation
Mechanisms needed in the formation of precipitation
1. Lifting and Cooling lifting of air mass to higher altitudes
causes cooling of air.
2. Condensation conversion of water vapor into liquid
droplets.
3. Droplet Formation Growth of droplets is required if the liquid
water present in a cloud is to reach
ground against the lifting mechanism of
air.
HYDROLOGY | Precipitation
Forms of Precipitation

Dew
Mist
Fog
Rain
Hail
Snow
HYDROLOGY | Precipitation

Dew
Drops of water that form outside
at night on grass, trees, etc.
HYDROLOGY | Precipitation

Mist
Water in the form of very small
drops floating in the air.
HYDROLOGY | Precipitation

Fog
Many small drops of water
floating in the air above the ground,
the sea, etc.
HYDROLOGY | Precipitation

Rain
is defined as being water
droplets falling to the ground which
have size of 0.5 mm or greater. When
the droplets is less than 0.5 mm, it is
called a drizzle.
HYDROLOGY | Precipitation

Hail
Hail or hailstones are large
chunks of ice that fall from large
thunderstorms often called as
white plague.
HYDROLOGY | Precipitation

Snow
Soft, usually white, pieces of
frozen water that fall to the ground
from the sky in cold weather. It is
formed when the temperature of the
air falls less than 0 C (32 F).
 HYDROLOGY | References
https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Acids_and_Base
s/Buffers
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/smry.rxml)
http://www.aboutcivil.org/hydrology.html
http://climate.ncsu.edu/edu/k12/.preciptypes