CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT

THESIS REPORT - 2016

SUBMITTED BY-
MOKSHIKA BALANA
B.ARCH 10THSEM.
ROLLNO. 2011-ARA-237
DEPARTMENT OF
ARCHITECTURE,
GURU NANAK DEVUNIVERSITY,
CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
 CONTENTS PG NO.
2-7
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction
2. Validity
3. Aims and Objectives
4. Scope of project
5. Methodology
8-19
CHAPTER 2 LIBRARYSTUDY
CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDIES AND LITERATURE STUDY
1. NEHRU PLACE , NEW DELHI
20-38
2. SAKET DISTRICT CENTER, NEWDELHI
3. Literature study 39-56
BHIKHAJI CAMA
57-63
CHAPTER-4 PROJECTBRIEF
4.1 SiteAnalysis 64-74
4.2 Design Criteria
4.3 Area Requirements

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT

2
 SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION
Central Business District serves as a focal point for the city, providing a major retail and commercial services. It
maintains a special cultural status as historic centre of the city as well as serving as a community centre for the
surrounding region. It also maintains a pedestrian oriented character

CHARACTERISTICS OF C.B.D The shape and type of a CBD almost

geographical land use patterns different always closely reflects the city's history.
from the surrounding area C.B.D. Provides economically viable
Low residential population commercial areas which provide a range of Open spaces for recreation

High concentration of public buildings community business and service activities.

and offices.

High rise buildings to maximize land use

Distinct land use patterns different from Skyline due to high-rise towers
surrounding areas.
Different land use within multi storey blocks
Concentration of retailing
MAJOR CONCEPT REVOLVE IN C.B.D.
1) Role as public open space Pedestrian friendly

2) Architectural characteristics
3) Role as the business

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT

3
 SYNOPSIS
VALIDITY

ACCORDING TO MASTER PLAN OFAMRITSAR

Considering the nature and context of trade and its relationship with city and its activities , its proposed to shift wholesale food
grain trade presently being carried out at bhagatanwala outside

the city.
SHIFTING GRAIN MARKET :-
will help in minimizing the traffic congestion caused by influx of large number of vehicles.
Considering the close proximity of bhagatanwala gate to walled city, it is proposed to develop the land as city market with
office spaces , retail markets ,eating joints and serve as market for tourist recreation .

KEY ISSUES FOR NEED

The markets of the walled city are highly congested and have high density.
Due to absence of adequate parking and organized commercial area the movement in these areas has been
hampered.
The narrow streets and road encroachments have further degraded the aesthetic and potential of the area.
This has affected the trade of the markets and thus their existence.
No market is dedicated to selling of traditional industrial products of the city, like shawls, to achieve good
marketing of traditional products of the city.
No commercial complex for banking, insurance and share market exists in the city

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 4

 SYNOPSIS
PROJECT BRIEF

The project CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT in AMRITSAR, PUNJAB that

would provide access to major commercial and retail services for the city. It would
form the node for holding and experiencing commercial, cultural and social
activities .
GENERAL FUNCTIONS
The main components of district centre are
Commercial components
Cultural components
Recreational components
SITE BRIEF
The proposed site for district center is located
at GRAIN MARKET,BHAGTANWALA GATE .
SITE CONNECTIVITY
The proposed site for district center is
approached by 6m wide road . It lies close
to the major commercial center of the city i.e.
walled city. Site is 2.5 km from the GOLDEN TEMPLE , major tourist attraction in
the city and 5.5 km from the BUS STAND and 4km from the RAILWAY STATION

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 5

 SYNOPSIS

AIMS OF THE PROJECT

To create an interactive relationship between visual avenue , moments and activity pattern .
To create a barrier free environment
To understand the overall space concept with respect to human scale and built environment.
To create a space which can form the node for holding and experiencing commercial, cultural and social
activities .
OBJECTIVES ARE ASFOLLOWS
1) to provide open living spaces achieving the comfort ambience.
2) to blend architecture planning and structure and architecture
3) to ensure an all time engaging and vibrant environment for all the users by:
mixed use zoning
integration of movement and activity
juxtaposition of formal and informal sector

ARCHITECTURAL CHALLENGES OF THE PROJECT:

1) To explore the symbiotic character of COMMERCE and CULTURE.
2) Explore the inter-relationships of the spaces and the challenges of disparities cause by design which restrict
spaces to particular segment of public .

3) To evolve a contemporary model of conventional Indian market.

4) The project would try to explore the possible integration of the functions which usually exist at larger distances

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 6

 SYNOPSIS
THRUST

thrust area of the project is to provide an accessible environment

for mobility of disabled , women safety in complex and to work out
the conflict points in the movement pattern of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic

SCOPE
The major role is to design the CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT in a series of integrated spaces and variety and
mix use giving unique identity to business streets and serve as hub of commercial activities. This includes :

Detailed layout scheme of project.

(parking , circulation , landscape , Pedestrian movement shall be dealt in detail)
Detailed design of office building, shops cum offices, piazzas and other buildings like library
Landscape plan for the proposed site .
Detailed structural grid drawings for office building, shop cum offices.

LIMITATION

No detailed structural drawings and calculations.

Detailing of limited building modules out of all requirements.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 7

 SYNOPSIS
METHODOLOGY

A review of various aspects of C.B.D

How does such a COMPLEX will be able to produce real values pertaining to COMMERCIAL and SOCIAL
intentions

Analytical study of activities and relative studies

The realization of built form in relation with open spaces with the idea of producing enlivenment out of a holistic
approach and fulfilling, the aspirations of the users

Analysis of site and response of proposed buildings to:

Surroundings
Establishment of functional criteria
Culture and climate

Relevant literature studies context, case-studies, standards and anthropometric data.

Analysis of literature and case studies and driving the inference and conclusions from each study, comparisons of
studies.

Formulation of Spaces and the areas.

Formulation of Development Controls.

Design concept

Ultimate design proposal.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 8

 LIBRARY STUDY
INTRODUCTION
The CBD or Central Business District is the focal point of a
GENERALOBJECTIVES
city. It is the commercial, office, retail, and cultural center of the
Accessibility -District centre should be planned in a
city and usually is the center point for transportation networks. .
way so that every activity falls within the accessible
It maintains a special cultural status as historic centre of the
distance.
city as well as serving as a community centre for the surrounding
Safety -By providing road side infrastructure
region. It also maintains a pedestrian oriented character.
encouraging pedestrians movement and less vehicular
traffic which help enhance safety.
Comfort-Providing more sitting spaces in the parks,
facilities like public conveniences.
Compatibility-Any two activities provided in
HISTORIC BACKGROUND
consecutively would be compatible with each other or
The CBD developed as the market square in ancient cities. On buffer zone would be provided for the same.
market days, farmers, merchants and consumers would gather in
the center of the city to exchange, buy, and sell goods. This
ancient market is the forerunner to the CBD. As cities grew and
developed, CBDs became fixed location where retail and
commerce took place. The CBD is often near a major
transportation route that provided the site for the city's location,
such as a river, railroad, or highway.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 9

 LIBRARY STUDY
SITE PLANNING
The allocation of spaces for these and possibly others users should be guided by certain
planning principles in order to attain the highest feasible productivity of the land over an
extended period of time

1. Safeguard surrounding areas against the blind

2. Expose retail facilities to maximum foot traffic
3. Separate various mechanized traffic type from one another Barrier free environment
4. Create a maximum of comfort for the shoppers and merchants
5. Achieve order, unity and beauty.

OBJECTIVES
The entire complex shall be designed with proper orientation and maximum wind
movement. Building may be oriented along NW SE orientation.
N
Development of open spaces, nodes and transition spaces between main building The shop units and the plazas
should be north facing to avoid the
and approach areas. glare

Ensuring proper connection between public areas, semi public areas and services.
While formal and informal areas shall be well connected, a sense of segregation
should be ensured as well.

To create streets which are safe and attractive to pedestrians.

To provide activity and interest along the street.
Pedestrian friendly complex

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 10

 LIBRARY STUDY
COMPONENTS OF C.B.D

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 11


POSSIBLE LAYOUTS
OPTION 1
This layout comprises of a
separate area for
pedestrian in the form of
pedestrian mall
OPTION 3
All blocks enclose a
common open space. It
leads to the creation of
variety of spaces
central parking with
peripheral buildings
and service roads.
|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
LIBRARY STUDY
POSSIBLE SECTIONS
OPTION 2 Good sense of enclosure No sense of enclosure
This layout differs (45 angle) (15 angle)
from the first option
by the introduction of
activity areas like
museum or library.
Proper sense of enclosure No sense of enclosure
OPTION 4
It is the simplest of all
layouts. The centre is
approached through
linear connectivity. When building When building When building
height is equal to height is equal height is equal to
the street height, a to the one third one fourth times
sense of enclosure of street width, of street width,
is generated. In the skyline the sense of
this case, building dominates over enclosure is
approach with one court & faade is more the building completely lost.
two magnets placed in detailed
diagonal manner.
12
 LIBRARY STUDY
PARKING
1)0 - parallel to road. Entry and exit to
2 wheeler parking: 1.2 x 2.1 m
parking bay difficult. Suitable for
Car - Parking: 2.5 x 5 m -
narrow roads.
Turning Radius 5m
2) 30- angle to access road. Easy entry to
Bus - Parking: 3.5 x 12 m -
parking bay and exit. Uses a large area.
Turning Radius 12.2m
3) 45- angle to access road. Good entry
to parking bay and exit. Relatively
small parking space.
4) 60- angle to access road. Relatively good
entry and exit to parking bay; small
parking space. Arrangement often used.
5)Right angles to road (parking spaces 2.50
m wide). Sharp turn needed for entry and Parking type sqm

exit. Open 23

6) Right angles to road (parking spaces 2.30 Ground floor covered 28

m wide). Small area needed for parking Basement 32
space. Ideal for compact parking layouts, Multilevel with ramps 30
used frequently. Automated multilevel with 16
lifts

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 13

 LIBRARY STUDY
PEDESTRIAN
GENERAL SITE DESIGN FOR PEDESTRIANS

No shortage of sources for site furnishings

today.
Range of well-designed & durable materials
in many styles from which the designer may Standing & Walking dimension
choose. for wheelchair

All of these furnishings comply with the

accepted standards of human dimensions &
behavior is necessary.
WALKWAYS

A fundamental element of design for the

pedestrian is the pathway or side-walk.
Pathway design
The sidewalk width must be designed to W=v(m/s)
provide the level of service suited to the user. I.E.
o W = the width of the
The parameters of sidewalk width are pathway or sidewalk,ft.
determined according to the : oV = the traffic volume,
persons /minute
-anticipated volume of foot traffic, oM = the space module
-the speed at which the pedestrians will be allowed/person,ft.
oS = the walking speed
walking ,and the desired density of traffic. o,ft/min
Rigid mortared paving detail

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 14

 LIBRARY STUDY
STREET FURNITURE

STREET FURNITURE :- Elements LITTER BINS:-These are of SITTING CHAIR:-

placed in a landscape or streetscape for three types
comfort, convenience, information, Open types
circulation control, protection, and user semi open type .
enjoyment are collectively referred to as Hinged- door opening
site furniture (figure 510-1) .Benches, BARRIERS:- The purpose of
bollards, signage, lighting, tree grates, these barriers are
and utility boxes Privacy
SIGN DESIGN. Safety
Consider both pedestrian and vehicular CHAIN AND BARRIERS:-
traffic in selecting and designing It should be 790mm in height
When lower than 790 mm it is Litter bins
signage.
.SIGNAGE AND THE BUILDING Difficult to detect by pedestrian ,
Signage should be low-key in order to cyclist, motorcyclist
avoid competition with the architecture of
the structure.
Materials and design should be
compatible with the buildings materials

and style Signage Chains and barriers

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 15

 LIBRARY STUDY
BARRIER FREE ENVIRONMENT.

Parking width of 3.6m instead of

Height and design of sill and hanging
normal 2.5m width requirement
hoarding for unobstructed shopping
Tactile warning marking on the
arcade.
Ground around the obstruction

Curb ramp at marked crossings detail

Street furniture at a uniform
Interval of 100-200m

Separate 1.5m side walkway for

combined walkway traffic of
wheelchair and the sightless Provision of curbstone along both
Extra 1.2m to accommodate wheel
chair. person. sides to resist a slippage

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 16

 LIBRARY STUDY
LANDSCAPING

Trees shall be provided along major pedestrian

corridors.
Trees shall not be placed closer than 30 feet
from intersections. They shall remain out of the

clear vision triangle.

Branch height of mature trees on traffic side Mature street trees shall be main tained for clear head clearance.

shall be no less than 13-6 above the street. Shady trees sitting can be provided under shady trees
Branch height on pedestrian side shall be no Neem azadirachta indica
Peepal ficus relegiosa
less than 8above the sidewalk.
Golden fig ficus benjaminia
Proper irrigation systems shall be installed to 'Cooling path'
High branched
provided for breeze
Flowering trees for aesthetics trees provide shade
establish and maintain healthy growth. before it enters the
Amaltas cassia fistula for the breeze
building.
Tree species shall be selected that can Gulmohar delonixx fistula
Kachnar bauhinia frandosa
withstand the harsh conditions of the urban
environment. When an area is to be unified, Ornamental trees for aesthetics
Royal palm oreodoxa regia
plant only one species.
Palmyra borassus flabellifer
Mature tree height and canopy fullness shall
Avenue trees
not obscure important building features or
Silver oak gravilla robusta
business identification. Ashoka polyalthia longifolia

Use of vegetation in redirecting air flows

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 17

 LIBRARY STUDY
RETAIL SHOPS AND STORES

Retail outlets can be broadly divided into

Small Shops 20 sq m

Medium Shops 50 sq m

Large shops 150 sq m

Departmental Stores Or Fig. 1 - wide frontage columns Fig.2- Not Fig.3- Narrow
cause no interruption to display recommended frontage Max.
Supermarkets 350 sq m in arcade. should be avoided. Window Perimeter
PLANNING GUIDELINES

Occupation in stores - 1 person per 5 to 6 sq m; 1 person per 1.8 sq m in peak hours

Shelf Units - Shelf units should not be higher than 1.8m and not lesser than 0.3m.

SHOPWIDTH
This is the most important dimension as it involves column spacing and frontage of stores.
The most common used shop widths are 6 , 7.6, 9.14 m the last being the most flexible one.
SHOP DEPTH It can vary according to the frontage

Covered verandahs

Covered verandahs must be provided for shade and protection against sun and rain.
Width can vary from 1.85m to 3.04 m depending upon the type of shop.
Fig.4- Narrow frontage
Flat front

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 18

 LIBRARY STUDY
RETAIL SHOPS AND STORES

STRUCTURAL GRID
Large units between 7.3m to 10.9m frontage & 9.14m depth.
Small units between 5.18m to 5.8m frontage and total depth.

BOOTHS
Booths are smaller in size than shops having min area 6sq.m.
Booths frontage vary from 2,2.5 & 3m .

SHOWROOMS
Showrooms are larger in size than shops having min area 95 sq m
DEPARMENTALSTORES
Department stores are large complex shops, invariably extending
over several floor levels, selling a wide variety of goods, particularl
y
clothes.

PLANNING
Minimum heights for shop spaces of the following are as follows:
Up to 400 sq m retail floor space 3.00 m
Over 400 sq m retail floor space 3.30 m
Over 1500 sq m retail floor space 3.50 m
LOCATIONS

The main aisles are 2.2 to 2.5m wide increasing to 2.8 to 3.2m.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 19

 LIBRARY STUDY
OFFICES
Modern office buildings are of the following types: Close

Plan offices They have full height walls or partitions

dividing the space into offices with doors.

Private offices They are typically located along a window wall.

Open Plan Offices In open plan offices, all workstations are l

located in an open space with no ceiling height division or doors.

Modified Open Plan Offices They combine the feature private and

open plan offices. Partition, window, ceilings, window modules,

effect office layouts 1.5 sq m of area is required for circulation per

person

Single/ Group Office Normal Maximum

Depth of Office 3.75 7.50 mt 9.25 m
Dist. b/w Windows 1.00 3.25 mt 6.00 m
Dist. b/w Columns 1.75 7.50 mt 11.00 m
Main Corridor Width 1.75 2.50 mt 3.25 m
Side Corridor Width 1.50 2.00 mt 2.50 m
Height of Office 2.50 4.00 mt 5.00 m
Different modules for office layout

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 20

 CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY 1:-NEHRU PLACE . NEW DELHI

PROJECT BRIEF

PROJECT NAME NEHRU PLACE,

DELHI
TYPE OF COMMERCIAL
PROJECT
DEVELOPERS D.D.A

CLIENT D.D.A

YEAR OF START 1969

YEAR OF 1980
COMPLETION
INCLUDES SHOPS, OFFICE
BUILDING,
RECREATIONAL
AREAS
FOR OFFICE AND
COMMERCIAL
NO. OF STOREYS
BUILDING G+8
TOWERS G+17
TOTAL SITE 49 ACRES
AREA
NEHRU PLACE,NEW DELHI

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 21

 CASE STUDY
LOCATION
It is located in South Delhi.
Nehru Place lies next to the Outer
Ring Road.
On one edge of the site, there lies the
road towards Iskon temple

APPROACH ANDACCESS
NEW DELHI
SOUTH DELHI

Delhi-metro station
on violet line.

Main access-
Lala Lajpath
Rai road which
is 100 ft wide.
ISCON
NEHRU PLACE
Own bus terminal-
Nehru place bus CHIRAG
terminal. ENCLAVE

Outer ring road

Easy approach since located on prime location and proper transportation connection

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 22

 CASE STUDY
N N
SITE CHARACTER AND ORIENTATION

SITE AREA :- 49ACRES

TOPOGRAPHY :- Site was built atop the
Aravalli mountain
W E
range. the hills were
blown and removed.

SHAPE :- Site is quadrilateral

ORIENTATION :- Site is east- west S S
commercial buildings oriented in east west direction allows more open spaces
oriented
to receive indirect sunlight and lesser heat gain
SITE ZONING
The site is divided in to three zones. LEGENDS

Commercial and office zone. Commercial

Re-creational Zone and office
Public Building zone
Office towers at outer periphery to reduce Re-
creational
chaos
Zone
Recreational areas in front of shops in
form of piazza to cater informal activities.
Public zone
Piazzas created on levels to create interest

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 23

 CASE STUDY
SITE LAYOUT

The central business district

comprises of following :-
Nehru place Metro station Metro station
Satyam multiplex
Commercial building
Official building
Eros Tower
Multi level parking G+17 G+1
G+17
Bus terminal

G+3
Eros cooperation tower

G+5
Modi towers G+6 G+17 Multilevel parking
G+5
G+17
Informal shops

G+15
- Inadequate circulation G+7
G+3 G+5
space, congestion at G+5

the entry & exits G+18 G+5 G+7 Shops

points. G+9 G+5

G18
G18
+ Pathways open to G+1
G+3
large piazzas which
are on levels to create
interest Paras cinema
SITE LAYOUT :NEHRU PLACE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 24

 CASE STUDY
LAND USE PATTERN
The total site area is 49 acres the site
consists of :-

Total Floor Area = 322695 sqm

Total Commercial Area = 60650 sq
Total Office Area = 222285 sqm
Total Recreational Area = 12100 sq
Total PublicArea = 39760 sqm
Ground coverage. = 39605 sq
FAR = 1.5
Green areas 27000 sq.mt i.e. 13.5% of the
site area
Parking area 47000 sq.mt i.e. 23.5% of the
site area

COMMERCIAL
4% 12% AREA
18%
OFFICE AREA
Plan showing different land use pattern incomplex

RECREATIONAL COMMERCIAL AND OFFICE Circulation of office

AREA BUILDING employees And users
COVERED PARKING
66% PUBLIC AREA
PADESTRIAN AND LANDSCAPE Circulation of
commercial shop
OPEN PARKING users
AREADISTRIBUTION
INTERNAL SERVICE ROADS

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 25

 CASE STUDY
CIRCULATION (Lala Entrance to Nehru No vehicular access 15M wide
Lajpathrai place from metro to piazza for safety peripheral
marg) station of pedestrians vehicular roads
Parking area
48000 sq.mt i.e.
23.5%
Vehicular movement Vehicular
2100SQMT i.e. Movement
11%
Pedestrian movement
area 6400 i.e. Pedestrian
32%
Movement

Width of pathways
Acc to NBC Parking
1.5m 30m
Spaces
Existing condition
pathways
Leading from metro
station = 15m Main roads
Leading from bus
terminal =18m
Central pathway
= 29m

Surface parking Large open piazzas provided Central pathway Continuous covered Entrance from
on peripheral at the intersecting nodes of with shops on corridors for pedestrian outer ring road
roads the central pathways both sides, movement in front of leading to shops
shops
Plan showing different circulation pattern in complex

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 26

 CASE STUDY
CIRCULATION

VEHICULAR MOVEMENT The black arrows

vehicular roads are on periphery , thus reducing the show the highest
human movement
chaos in central piazza intensity path.
All the shops lie
Width of vehicular road within site is 15m .
on this
movement
pattern.

+ Vehicular roads are on periphery , thus Turning radius

i. Vehicular road leading to center
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT
Two major pedestrian approaches .
From metro station 55-0 wide
From bus terminal 60-0 wide
Central pathway - 98-0 wide
Red sand stone paving in plaza and pedestrian
Central pathway
Acc to Norms
reducing the chaos in central piazza
Existing condition
+ Large open piazzas have been provided at
Radius of road-7m
the intersecting nodes of the central
+ Pathways of commercial areas to create
open spaces in order to segregate the crowd.
Width of inner
- Vast hard surfaces turn into unpleasant hot- vehicular road
- spots in summers. Acc to Norms
10-20m
Central pathways occupied by hawkers thus
Existing condition
- resulting in irregular movement Width of road
= 15m
No provision of sitting or benches along
Interconnecting piazzas with the pedestrian.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 27

 CASE STUDY
PARKING
Type of parking provided in the centre:
Open parking.
Multi-level parking
Basement parking.
OPEN PARKING provided along the
periphery of the complex to reduce chaos
{Open 1400 }
BASEMENT PARKING has also
been provided. But it is not used much
since it is dark and dingy . {Basement
400}

MULTILEVEL CAR PARKING

Owned by private company has solved
the parking problem in complex a lot Plan showing different type of parking incomplex
{Multi level 1000}
BASEMENT PARKING MULTILEVEL PARING SURFACE PARKING
Peripheral parking so
Nehru place +
Total surface parking = 48,000sq.m.
presently 2800 less chaos in complex
planned for 5500 ecs {but not achieved} Total basement parking =2,600sq.m.
current demand: 6621 ecs - Complex is unable to
Total multi-level parking =24,000sq.m.
projected demand in 2020: 9530 ecs meet the parking
Esc = estimated car space Total parking area= 74,6000sq.m
requirements

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 28

 CASE STUDY
MASS SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Large open piazzas have been provided at the Offices provided at the outskirts of the complex

intersecting nodes of the central pathways of to avoid the movement of the employees through

commercial areas to create open spaces in the commercial area, hence reducing chaos at

order to segregate the crowd. central piazza and walkways

Central pathway - width of pathway equal to
height of surrounding building .

Open piazzas to segregate crowd and for informal shops

Office towers on outskirt to minimize chaos
R
ROAD LVL. +750 Equal distribution of mass
E
S
I
D
E
G+15
43
OFFICE TOWER
UNER CONST.
45
R

A EROS TOWER
G+15
+
and open spaces
N G+6 42 44 M
T
I 46 P
41
A
L PETROL 40 47
PUMP
39 48

38 PIAZZA LVL.+ 755 MOLTISTOREY

49

Sense of enclosure is
CAR PARK
37 36 35 34 50
61
51 I.F.C.I. TOWER

+
G+15 66 65 64 63 62
G+8
33 52 PIAZZA LVL.+ 760 G
32 O
NEHRU PLACE GREENS OFFICE TOWER V
G+15 32 53
67 T.

maintained
31 PARKING
54
68 LVL.+ 753 B
30 U
69
I
R 29 G+8 55 56 57 58 59 60 L
E
S
22 23 24 25 26 28 G+5 70
D
I
BUILT UP AREAS
I MICROSOFT
27 N
D BUILDING
71 72 G

Landscape elements
E
N PARKING LVL.+ 740 21 G+3
T
PIAZZA LVL.+ 755
WIDE

I 20

+
A 73
L 19 G+8 74
PIAZZA LVL.+ 760
4 0 0 Ft.

6 18
ROAD LVL. +725

75
OFFICE TOWER
97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90

provided on the central

G+15 17 76
R OA D

77
14 15 16 G+15 B
5 7 8 9 10 11 13 G+15
TAXI STAND U
88 87 86 85
G+5 S
12 84
PIAZZA LVL.+ 745 98 PARKING LVL.+ 744 89 T
4 PARKING 83
PLOT No.1 E
LVL.+ 748
3 82 R

axis creating vista

P/S-3
M
2 81 I
78 79 80 N
G+2 PARAS CINEMA
A
L
PIAZZA LVL.+ 745

- Large hardscape area

O U T E R R IN G R O AD

ROAD LVL. +755

Built up area 25% Even distribution of mass with open spaces leading to hotspots in
Open area 75% summer

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 29

 CASE STUDY
STREET SECTION
lvl+68750

lvl+23550

Present skyline of Nehru place

+27000 mm. 29400mm

+750 mm.
0 LVL
Section through central pathway xx
+23550 mm
create interest and segregate
crowd
Sense of enclosure is maintained.
Distance between the open space
approx Equal to height of building 1800lvl. cut out in slab ramp
Angle is nearly equal to 45
Section through plaza yy

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 30

 CASE STUDY
THE GREAT EASTERN CENTER

Structure system
Circulation is such Beam column
that it easily handles structure
two way traffic Grid followed - 24-0
x 24-0

Natural ventilation is Fire escape

totally excluded No of staircase -1
Weather in building
controlled by Central core
mechanical means. No of staircase -1
No. of lifts -2

Width of staircase -6-0 Single entry exit point

No of riser -24
Riser height=6 core
Width of riser -0-11
services
BUILDING TYPOLOGY = Office Use Ground floor plan
Area covered on all floors = 9638.77 sqm consider Acc to provided circulation
Ground coverage = 2410.9 sq.mt. ation norms
Area under vertical core =48.9115 sqm i.e.
2%
fire exit 2 (1 after 1
Horizontal circulation :-
required every 30 m)
Ground floor-437.1466 sqm. i.e. 18%
No. of floors -5-floors Width of 2m 2m
Floor height -12-0 floor to floor staircase KEYPLAN

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 31

 CASE STUDY
RETAILSHOPS
TOTAL FORMAL RETAILAREA : 12877.81SQM

Street pattern is followed

Plots for offices/shops in a continuous row along
the pedestrian plazas, which are 4,6 and 9 storey
high.

Shops cover 2 floors of the building block.

Large distance between opposite shops sufficient Retail shops Retail shops
to cater crowd but hawkers in between the
pathway cases hindrance

Staircase is provided after every 8 shop

ASPECT ACC TO Provided

(SHOPS) NORMS
(MIN)
LARGE 20X66 25X40
MEDIUM 15X 30 10X 24

SMALL 15X10 -
SHOPS

Plan showing areas of formalactivities Key plan

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 32

 CASE STUDY
SHAKUNTALATOWERS
BUILDING TYPOLOGY = Office Use No. of floors -9-floors
Area covered on all floors = 21678.696 SQ.MT.
Ground coverage = 2408.744 sq.mt. Floor height -12-0 floor to floor

Provision
of 2 fire
escape

Off centered
verticalcore

Mechanical
means to
maintain the
temp. within

VERTICALCIRCULATION HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION:-

Area under vertical core =19.60 sqm Ground floor-791.379 SQ.MT.-
No. of elevator 6 Typical floor-183.8493 SQ.MT
KEYPLAN
Size of elevators -80x 54 SERVICE AREA: - 116.694 SQ.MT

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 33

 CASE STUDY
DEMOGRAPHICS

Age groups 0-12 13-18 19-24 25-35 35-50 50

(years) ONWARDS

No. Of people 0 0 68 206 64 0

COMPLEX USED BY DIFFERENT GROUPS

Morning 10 am Afternoon 2 pm Evening 6 pm

High density in office complex Office goers visit plaza for lunch Office goers leave
Sparse consumers Consumers increases Plaza heavily crowded

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 34

 CASE STUDY
ARCHITECTURE EXPRESSION & PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
Finishing the old phase development is finished in
Public toilets in complex no provision of public
concrete. 4-0 wide horizontal and vertical sunscreens
toilets within the complex. One has to go to metro station
have been placed on the faade of the buildings
or office to use toilets .
The new phase development have glass facade, metallic
Public toilets converted into shops
cladding, concrete as finishing material thus disturbing
harmony and architecture controls of complex Street furniture no provision of dustbins in complex
No provision of benches along the pedestrian
Street lights are provided at a distance of 60 c/c.

- sunscreens provided appear, regardless of the orientation

Difference in elevation of old development and new development
Signage and advertising board.
Lack of restrictions on size and location of hoarding used
by offices ,thus destroying the elevation of structure .
of the building blocks.
- Difference in faade of old development and new
development disturbing harmony of complex
- Inadequate infrastructure facilities in complex
- Not safe at nights with no activity and poor lighting

boards of varying sizes by offices (about 16-0,32-0)

shopping areas had worked out the location of advertising
boards

Inadequate infrastructure facilities in complex

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 35

 CASE STUDY
SKYLINE
Nehru place is having varying skyline. More variation could be seen because of the new buildings that have come up
with the passage of time.

Commercial cum office block surrounding the central plaza have linear skyline
High rise corporate towers are placed on the outer periphery of the complex
lvl+68750

lvl+23550

lvl+15000

Present skyline of Nehru place

lvl+66150

lvl+30750
lvl+23550

skyline of Nehru place when designed

lvl+66150

lvl+23550

skyline of Nehru place when designed Different skyline of Nehru place

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 36

 CASE STUDY
LANDSCAPING
+ Green area provided in the north-
west corner of Nehru place, now
used as a recreational park, creating
macro climate vast
GREEN AREA + street light are provided Distance
PROVIDED IN THE
NORTH-WEST CORNER b/w poles: 60-0 c/c.
- Vast hard landscaped area has been
provided in most of the complex
red sandstone paving in the plazas
and pedestrian pathways has been
ROW OF TREES done which change s into
PROVIDED IN CENTRE Green areas 27000 sq.mt i.e. 13.5% of the site area
OFPATHWAY unpleasant hot-spots in summers.
- There is no system in place to
Trees in Satpatti, manage waste. Complex lacks
parking Peepal
infrastructure to manage the waste
Trees along Jamun , a, Acc to norms:- it produces
pedestrian Satpatti All new or expanding development shall designate
soka - No provision of benches along
a min, of 15% of total site area for green space
Trees in Australian Acc. to site :- pedestrian.
plazas wattle, Silver 13.5% of area is allocated to green which is less
oak acc to norms

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 37

 CASE STUDY
SERVICES

ELECTRIC
The electric supply to the complex from an electrical unit
installed in the complex itself.
Underground wiring system has been employed for the
supply of electricity.

For street lighting electricity poles are provided at a distance Main electric supply from electric unit Sub distribution system
within building
of 60-100c-c.
consideration required achieved analysis
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Min dia. of 150mm Observed
Combined system for the disposal of human excreta and rain sewer pipe (NBC) from open
water has been used. duct

Min dia. of 100mm observed

No separate system for rainwater harvesting has been employed.
rainwater pipe
Gutters are provided along the pedestrian walk as well as roads..
Max spacing 45m Spacing
The manholes are located at a distance of about 50-0 c-c. b/w manholes (NBC) b/w
- No proper water for 150mm manholes
15.25 m
Disposal in
Location of generators in
Complex water gets complex
stagnant after rain Generators are placed on terrace
Acc to norms it should be above
Rain water pipes Rain water accumulation 6m from the terrace
no such norms followed

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 38

 CASE STUDY
SERVICES

FIRE FIGHTING
All the buildings
are planned as per
the fire safety
norms.

Fire escape Fire station

staircasesare which serve
provided in almostall the complex
Hose reels are provided
in all the buildings. the buildings.

Fire escapes are Nearest fire station which supply

provided as per the services t o complex is on behron
rules and mandir bus terminal
regulations laid by No Provision of onsite under ground
dda, ndmc and water tank for fire fighting services
other governing capacity

authorities. No provision of fire hydrants on site

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 39


INFERENCES
STRENGTH
Nehru place is located on the Outer Ring Road so it
can be easily accessible by the other parts of the Delhi.
Being an IT Hub, the market caters more to the people
of age group 25-35 years because of there shops or job
or shopping, etc.
Nehru Place is designed in such a way that large open
spaces are there between the towers, in form of
courtyards and parking. Due to long courtyard
connectivity fresh air enter these corridors with a thrust.
Parking are designed near to the Towers which makes it
easy for the crowd and the employees and also to the
transporters.
Office blocks are on the second floor which are totally
segregated from the loud and the crowd.
|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
CASE STUDY
WEAKNESS
Since it was not planned to accommodate these
numbers, the result is congestion, lack of
sanitation, and a degenerating infrastructure in
and around the areas surrounding Nehru Place.
The market is not so User Friendly, i.e. cant be
easily accessed by handicaps and senior citizens
find it difficult to climb the stairs
Lack of cultural and recreational spaces
Make highly extensive shopping plaza.
Heavy and rigid concrete boxes and linear
Planning.
The centre has not been able to attract local
shoppers, since it is not located on an existing
commercial spine
The centre stays dead in the night, save some
homeless laborers who find the shelter of the
corridors adequate to pitch in at night.
40
 CASE
CASE STUDY
STUDY

CASE STUDY 2: SAKET DISTICT CENTER

PROJECT BRIEF
Project Name District Center Saket

Location Saket, South Delhi

Type of project commercial

Type of development Mixed use

development
Developers D.D.A

Year Of Completion 2007

Comprises of Retail podium,

cinemas, office
building, service
apartments

Surrounding mostly residential,

some of commercial
Office Building G+8
No. Of Storey's Retail G+2

Total Site Area 54 Acres

SAKET DISTRICT CENTER,SITEPROFILE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 41

 CASE STUDY
LOCATION
It is located in South Delhi.
It is situated on Press Enclave Road
on the way to Qutab Minar.
ACCESSIBILITY
Direct connectivity to Mehrauli-Badarpur Road
It is situated 18 km away from International
and National Airport

15 km away from New Delhi Railway Station.

DELHI SAKET, SOUTH DELHI
8 km away from South Extension.
4 km away from Greater Kailash.

SURROUNDINGS Press enclave road

Modi Hospital is located on the right side of

the site.

30 m wide road

26 m wide road
Residential area is on the left side of the site.
Modi
Existing nala on the rear side of the site hospital
CATCHMENTAREA
affluent neighboring colonies like C C.R. Park,
Sainik Farms, Haus Khas, Panchsheel Enclave

Easy access since Saket forms the gateway to south Delhi SAKET DISTRICT CENTER,SITE PROFILE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 42

 CASE STUDY
ACCESSIBILITY & ENTRANCES,EXIT
SITE AREA :-
54 ACRES
TOPOGRAPHY :-

site has flat terrain

SHAPE :-
Site is quadrilateral
ORIENTATION :-
Site is north- south
oriented

LEGEND
Entry/Exit
Traffic
Conflict Area
Traffic
Movement
MGF Mall N
DLF Mall
It is easily accessible through PUBLIC TRANSPORT i.e. DTC buses, Metro rail, Auto
Select City rickshaws, And through private vehicles.
Mall
There is problem in crossing of road as no Pedestrian facility like FOB, Subway is provided
Southern Park
Mall near by to it. So, number of modal conflicts are more.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 43

 CASE STUDY
SITE ZONING

The Whole Site Is Divided In

LEGENDS G+3
To Four Zones.
Re-creational zone G+2
COMMERCIALZONE.
Public Building zone
OFFICE ZONE
G+8 G+2
RE-CREATIONAL ZONE Commercial zone
PUBLIC BUILDING Office zone G+1
G+2
1. Office buildings on
AREAPROGRAMME G+8 G+8 G+8 G+8
periphery to avoid chaos
Proposed areas:
in complex
Total site area 21.8 ha. 2% 1% 3%
2. Interconnected zones-
Total built up area 20. 8 ha. 6%
office zone and Retail
Total retail 91287 sq. m. 10%
commercial zones Offices
Total offices 91613 sq. m.
segregated still remains mandatory green
Hotel 2797 sq.m.
interconnected. 48% residential
Service apartments 15079 sq.m.
3. Open plazas in front of
cultural
Multiplexes 7650 sq.m.
commercial zone act as 34%
Cultural center 6360 sq.m. hotel
breathing space .
Far 1 mltiplexes

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 44

 CASE STUDY
CIRCULATION
30 m wide road
Vehicular movement
Pedestrian movement Pedestrian along
20 m wide road within with buildings

complex for vehicular common open

movement around all space 150x130

5m wide pedestrian
20 m wide
along with building service lane
Peepal and Satpatti
trees along pathways.
Piazza forming main
circulation in front of
30 m wide road
commercial zone

Circulation movement within and outside complex Vehicular

Vehicular Service Lane Pedestrian circulation circulation
Circulation Circulation
Area under 26513.8 sqm i.e.
The circulation pattern is constant throughout the CBD. road 12.3%
The pedestrian traffic and the vehicular traffic is segregated.
Area under 38487.5 sqm i.e.
Interconnected vehicular roads within complex connecting various zones pedestrian 17.6%

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 45

 CASE STUDY
PARKING
Type of parking parking
provided in complex provided at
front for
Surface parking people
Basement parking visiting in
malls

Pedestrian
entry

each building
is provided
with its own
parking in
Parking provided order to reduce
for offices the chaos in
complex.
Width of
ramp- 2.5m
Slope of
ramp 1:10 ramp
Plan showing parking in complex
Size of bay Surface parking
Total no of parking in complex-5650
provided on Saket district can take the load of
surface 5x2.5m Total no. of surface parking- 1600 traffic but its surrounding areas are not.
Complex don't have adequate parking
Total no. of parking provided in basement 4050 for two wheelers

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 46


MASS SPACE RELATIONSHIP
The Heights in the entire site have been
restricted according to the use. Hence the
open space-built form relationship has been
maintained in a controlled manner.
G+8 for office tower
G+1/G+2 for shopping /commercial
building
Overall ,the varied enclosure gives the
visitor a rich, interesting experience, as the
spaces open out into each other according
to the usage of the respective block. There
is dynamism and clarity in the layout.
|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
Piazza's provided at the
front facade to create a
interesting visual experience.
The spaces enclosed by
office buildings pose the
maximum sense of enclosure.
Offices provided at the
outskirts of the complex to
avoid the movement of the
employees through the
commercial area
CASE STUDY
Scio graphic studies of the
entire area show that the degree
of enclosure increases around the
office buildings whereas there is
practically no sense of enclosure
in the case of the piazza that
forms the frontage to the
shopping and commercial areas.
The piazza acts as a common
open space for the shopping and
commercial areas. The visitor
experiences a full panoramic view
of the entire district centre.
47
 CASE STUDY
LAND USE

Saket district center basically comprise 5 major mall namely

1. DLFplace SOUTHERN PARK SELECT CITYWALK

2. Select city walk Southern park - mall
3. The south court cum commercial
4. Metropolitan mall complex .
5. Southern park Developed by -TDI group
Area - (9,000 m2)
DLFPLACE
Spread over five floors +
The DLF place - shopping mall
two tiers of basement
Developed by- DLF group
parking
Total area - 400,000 sq ft
six-screen DT cinemas multiplex
& diner, A food court, hard rock
cafe, gourmet outlets, office
complex and Hilton hotel. METROPOLITAN MALL
Metropolitan Mall -shopping mall
Developed by - MGF Group
total area - 11000 sq. metres.
Select city walk - shopping mall.
Developed by - select group
Area -1,300,000 sq ft
Retail, a multiplex, serviced
Apartments, offices, and public space
THE SOUTH COURT
The south court- shopping mall under
construction.
Developed by -DLF group
Total area - 400,000 sq ft
(37,000 m2).
Will have a lifestyle and a landmark
anchor store, retail arcade with many
major Indian brands of clothes and
apparel, a food court, gourmet outlets,
office complex and a hotel

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 48

 LIBRARY STUDY
DLF MALL
Project profile: Dlf Place Mall
Developers: DLF infrastructure DLF
MAL
Year of completion : 2007 L

No of storey's: for retail G +2

Architect: mohit gujral
Linear atriums at all places in the Area of mall 37000 sqm
mall referred to as courtyards. Grid 8x8 m
Open spaces at the junctions
breaking the linearity.
The shops are aligned to the atrium
and are rectangular in shape with
length to width ratio of 3.5:1.
For vertical transportation mall has
16 staircases(most of them acting
as fire escapes also), 15 elevators
which go to the basements and 8
Bridge connecting Kiosk and Entrance
escalators which are provided at upper levels Exhibition space
the end of atriums
Shopping area
Horizontal circulation
GROUND FLOOR PLAN Vertical circulation

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 49

 CASE STUDY

DLF MALL
ShoppingArea
Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Re-creational Area

First floor level of mall are visible

through atriums.
The opposite ends are connected A view of High Street
through bridges in court 1 and court
three, moreover a circular atrium is
provided between court1 and court 2 at
the corner of the mall.

Smaller size of shops because of the

corridor The High street gives an experience of
European shopping streets as these are being
used as terraces for coffee shop, shops open
on to these streets and there are structures on
the piazza side of the street which acts as
CircularAtrium
Retail Store at
kiosks on certain days
first floor level
FIRST FLOOR PLAN

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 50

 CASE STUDY
DLF MALL

Food Courts
Horizontal
Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Re-creational Area

When we come to the second floor

level there is a major change in the
layout of the mall. The shops and service
cores on the piazza side of the mall are
discontinued and a terrace takes their
place.

Second floor mainly consists of food

court and restaurants

The large terraces that are being formed at

this level give a magnificent look of the plaza
area, also they provide a beautiful setting for
the food court users in the evenings whereby
Food courts
they can eat in the open in the evenings.
SECOND FLOOR PLAN

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 51

 CASE STUDY
BASEMENT FLOORS

Ramp to basement Ticketing at entry

from service road

3 level basement for parking

and services
Parking space collectively
1000-1200 cars Stairs coming out of Lift lobby entrance
The clear height of these basement
basements are:
3950 mm for
basement 1
4050 mm for
basement 2
3050 mm for
basement 3
Mall lifts continued till the
basement
16 staircases

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 52


ARCHITECTURALEXPRESSION
At the upper level on the front
Finishing. The entire complex is finished with
facade, space provided for
combination of granite, composite metallic
advertisements, forthcoming
cladding, acrylic paint and structural glazing.
attractions and cinema posters, ideally
visible from a distance governing the
external elevation.
CASE STUDY
The lower levels glazing
is treated with granite
bands making a striking
bold impression on the
lower shopping level and
also relates itself with the
mall elevation

The lower levels of the building have been

given a more transparent look with large
glazed part being offered to foyer/food
court/retail. This has been done also keeping
in mind the commercial aspect for shops to
have maximum frontage and making the
shops more visible and lively for the crowd To conceal the

visiting the building. services, 1.5m projection

has been extended at the
roof level beneath the
service floor on the
terrace.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 53

 CASE STUDY
LANDSCAPING
PLAZA
It covers the large area of green cover(upto 4 acres)
Open plaza, having an open air theatre
Saanskriti, for art festivals, fairs, exhibitions, performances, and al
fresco dining.
The plaza is landscaped extensively in timber, water, stone and
steel and has an
Openair amphitheater, along with trees and water features
Street furniture is provided at various places.
Dustbins are not provided for security reasons.
The open areas is also seen with water bodies including
fountains.
It is designed with beautiful inviting landscapes.
LANDSCAPE FEATURE IN PLAZA
Shady Tree Along Road
Peepal Ficus religiosa
Satparni Alstoniascholaris
Parking
TOTAL Trees
GREENAREA
Pilkan Ficus infectorija
2.18 Hectar es
Satparni Alstoniascholaris Landscaped area Pedestrianpath
10% of the site area corridor

Parks/Gardens
Asoka Saraca indica
Bottle brush Callistemon viminalis
SECTION THROUGH LANDSCAPED AREA

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 54

 CASE STUDY
SERVICES
Service core comprises of:
Water supply pipes
Drainage
At 45 m.
Telecommunication wires
Fire sprinklers at Dist. Between 2 Fire hydrants Sluice valve
Fire safety pipes regular grid fire hydrants. placed along the at each level to
periphery of the control water
Electrical supply pipes
building flow
Fire fighting system is
installed for each building.

HVAC System:
The main air conditioning plant room is Underground Electrical Service pipes concealed in
situated in the basement and cooling towers are room the projected canopy at
the top
on the terrace. Each shop has been provided
with their own A.H.U.s so that they can
maintain temperature individually. For the
purpose of air conditioning of atriums ducts are
provided along the atrium with water nozzles.
To impart a natural flow of air large exhausts
Exhaust Cooling plant at Service corridor running at
are installed at terrace along the atrium
along atrium terrace the rear side of the building

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 55

 LIBRARY STUDY
SERVICES
Services at different floors:
There are well placed lift cores, providing or
more than adequate elevators, for both passengers
and freight. Electric panels
Individual AHU and FCU have been
provided for individual shops.

AHU rooms provided for common area.

5 ac plant rooms
BASEMENT1:
5 nos DG SETS
3nos 2000kva+2nos 1000kva
Garbage dumping rooms provided at basement.
BASEMENT2:
4 water supply tanks- fire water tank
Domestic, raw water , fire water , soft water tanks.
The help desk is also provided in second basement.
Staff dinning and changing rooms also provided at second basement.
Fire alarms are provided at regular intervals in the basement.
Control room provided in basement.
Big exhaust fans provided
Water pump room

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 56

 CASE STUDY
INFERENCES
South Delhi: Prime location
The Saket district centre provides large public and landscaped open spaces. The public realm has being given a
thought!
Instead of having shopping malls stand as isolated entities disjoint from one another the development at Saket is
planned in a manner where the multiple buildings are tied together with a common colonnade and uninterrupted access
and transition, making it vibrant, dynamic and friendly.

Saket Place is projected to employ close to 30,000 people, and attract about 1,00,000 cars in the vicinity every hour

A district centre goes dead after work-hours Saket district center devoid of this scenario.

Too much of rigidity imparted on the developer in terms of the design of buildings and
elevation kills the creativity of the architect involved.

Saket District centre may be ready to take the huge volume of traffic, but the surrounding
transportation arteries are still not!

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 57

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
STUDY
LITERATURE STUDY: BHIKHAJI CAMA PLACE

LOCATION
situated at the intersection of INNER RING
ROAD and AFRICA AVENUEROAD
just opposite to NETA JI NAGAR.

APPROACH ANDACCESS
The distance of the nearest metro station i.e
AIIMS is 2.24 kms.
The Distt. Center is designed to cater Neta Ji
Nagar, Nauro Ji and Safdarjung Enclave RK
Puram and Sarojini Nagar.

AFRICAAVENUE ROAD
There are two vehicular
approaches: one from the Ring
Road and the other from the
Africa road.
BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE
CATCHMENTAREA
The main catchment areas are:
Netaji Nagar
Sarojini Nagar
Safdarjung Enclave
RK Puram
Krishna Nagar
Hauz Khas BHIKHAJI CAMAPLACE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 58

 LITERATURE STUDY
SITE LAYOUT
LEGEND: 13. R I N G R O A D
1.HYATT REGENY CHAIN ROAD

2. E.I. HOUSE.
2.
3.E.I. ANNEXE. 4.
ANSAL CHAMBER1 12. 3. SERVICE
5. 14. CAR PARK SERVICE COURT
6. MOHTA CHAMBER. 1. 11. COURT 4.
7. SOMDATT CHAMBER1
15. 10. 5.
8. ANSALCHAMBER2
9. TELEPHNE EXCHANGE.
CAR PARK SERVICE SERVICE
COURT
10. SOMDATT CHAMBER2 COURT
16. 9. 7.
11. P.N.B.

AFRICA AVENUE ROAD

17. 8. 18.
SANRAKSHAN BHAWAN
DISTRIBUTARY ROAD
13 JINDALHOUSE
14 GAIL N 19.
15 CIVICSTRUCTURE
16 NBCC TOWER
17 HUDCO BHAWAN
18 PETRO PUMP
19 HUDCO BAZAAR

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 59

 LITERATURE STUDY
ZONING
The plan shows courtyard planning and spatial zoning.
The basic zoning in the complex is Commercial,
Business and Administrative.

The offices dominate over the shopping area.

The hotel and the informal sector have been designed
as separate zones which give them an identity.

SPACE USAGE
SITE AREA: 1,31,320 sq. mt = 14,11,690 sq. ft
GROUND COVERAGE: 30%
F.A.R. : 1:4
reserved was 1,40,000 sq. mt.
Also, initially 300 shops were proposed.
Not only 100 are left. Rest have been
converted into offices.
Commercial Parking Services Recreational

% 40% 40% 15% 5%

Parts Offices 35% Basement Fire station, service block petrolpump Hotel
Shops 4% Parking 15% Police station telephone exchange Eating joints
Banks 1% Surface Open space electrical substation
Parking 25%

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 60

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
STUDY
INTERNALPLANNING
ENGINEERS INDIAHOUSE
India Engineer House forms a part of commercial district
center at Bhikaji Cama Centre NEW DELHI
houses administrative, design, financial, and public
relations offices of a public
CONCEPT.
The concept is based on four cores on the corners
containing lifts, staircase and services, resulting in a large
Hall in the middle for flexible office planning.
These cores act as major structure element and along
with four central shear walls support an average office floor plan for engineers India house
floor of 54mts by 24.6mts.
The form of the building is derived from the point of
view of saving energy. The structural cores are designed
in such a way that they also serve a dual purpose of cutting
down the effect of harsh climate.
It was also decided to face larger parameter of the
building north-south and further use the structural elements
of the core and floor overhangs to create micro-climate engineers India house

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 61

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
STUDY
ENGINEERS INDIAHOUSE
The EIL house is entered on the ground floor directly
from the road by car and has two level of parking

Pedestrian enter the upper ground floor by mean of

external steps or directly from central plaza.
The central part of the entrance has the height of
10 mts and give access to the mezzanine at 3 levels
providing changing views of information and
exhibition spaces.
The shear walls and structural cores are clad,
externally and internally with 2.5cm thick beige
sandstone.

The internal stone cladding is polished to harmonies

with flooring and teak wood paneling.
The partition with in the hall are demountable and
vary according to the functional requirement of
typical floors.
The lower two floors are used as public relation offices
and contain exhibition space and small conference

rooms

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 62

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
STUDY
HUDCO BAZAAR
" One side of complex facing the bhikaji cama place contains large shops and offices in 3 stories stepped building.
" The building developed has one basement and 4 floors above it.
The front elevation has the concept of offsetting, which is the basic architectural character of the complex
The central courtyard is very well landscaped, unlike the rest of the open spaces.

A"(ABDUL"KALAM")"WING B"("BHAGAT"SINGH")"WING" C"("CHANDER"SHAKER"AZAD) WING

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 63

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
STUDY
CLIMATIC CONCERN

Delhis climate is in fact characterized by extremes.

The sky is overcast during monsoons. Maximum
temperature touches 45 degree every year and
minimum may touch 4 degree.

Taking in consideration the climate of Delhi, the

P.N.B. Building Canopy in front of the Trikoot-1
main
feature in the center is the offsetting which allows
maximum sunlight to enter from the North Side and
avoids the South sunlight.
Screening is provided in the North-West direction to
protect against the cold winter winds by use of

evergreen trees.
Bikaji Cama Bhawan HUDCO Bazaar
The buildings have protection from the over head
summer sun but on the other hand, in winters, the
sunlight is captured.
There is a provision of roof overhangs on the south
side of the buildings.

Sunken court amidst the building blocks Offsetting in the Hyatt Regency

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 64


COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
ASPECTS CASE STUDY, NEHRU PLACE
LOCATION located on the Outer Ring Road so it
can be easily accessible by the other
parts of the Delhi.
SITE Area =49 acres heights =for office
and commercial building g+8 towers
g+17
CIRCULATION Mainly peripheral traffic. Parking on
ground and basement( not properly
utilized), also multi storied parking
has been built. Free flowing traffic as
street width is adequate.
PEDESTRIAN Large piazzas have been created on
multiple levels to segregate vehicular
and pedestrian traffic.
LAND USE The basic land use is the commercial
having shops, offices, and lacks
recreational areas
|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
CASE STUDY, SAKET
DISTRICT CENTER
Located on press enclave road,
forms the main gate to south
Delhi on prime location.
Area =54 acres office building
=g+8 retail g+2
Interconnected roads within site
for circulation . Ground and
basement parking. Surface
parking along with the buildings.
Proper flow of traffic.
Entire site is pedestrianized .
Pedestrian and vehicular
movement is segregated. Piazza
created to accommodate crowd.
Basic landuse is retail shops,
offices, mall, multiplex, spaces
for recreational areas provided
CASE STUDY
CRITICALANALYSIS
easily accessible by the
other parts of the Delhi.
Segregation of vehicular
and pedestrian traffic is
important aspect for
separating silent and noisy
zones.
Demarcation between
pedestrian and vehicular
movement, using level
difference is a good
solution
recreational areas like open
courts for informal
shopping should be
provided
65

COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
ASPECTS CASE STUDY, NEHRU PLACE
BUILT UP- OPEN The built form rises in height from
SPACE the south to north side. Ground
RELATIONSHIP cover is around30%..Open spaces in
form of piazzas provided and sense
of enclosure is maintained
CLIMATIC Buildings rise in height from south
ANALYSIS to north to capture max southern sun
providing shade to pedestrian
piazzas. Buildings are provided with
horizontal and vertical louvers.
ARCHITECTURAL The retail offices and shops do not
CHARACTER confirm to the architectural controls
in respect to signage and haphazard
placement of air conditioners,
coolers etc.
|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
CASE STUDY, SAKET
DISTRICTCENTER
The built form rises in height
from north to south far is
1.Ground coverage is 33.3%
Open spaces provided in front
of commercial areas.
Retail shops and office
buildings north south oriented
Buildings are designed
according to climate and
proper sunshades are provided
. The entire complex is
finished with combination of
granite, composite metallic
cladding, acrylic paint and
structural glazing.
Architectural character
maintained.
CASE STUDY
CRITICALANALYSIS
Sense of enclosure is
preserved by virtue of
high rise buildings
surrounding the open
courts and piazza
The buildings should
adapt to the climatic
needs to create a
comfortable environment
and also to save energy
which is an important
architectural control is an
important aspect of
design and should be
enforced to provide
overall harmony on site,
care should be taken that
its use does not create
monotonous and dull
environment.
66

COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
ASPECTS CASE STUDY, NEHRU PLACE
ACTIVITY The city center has both corporate
PATTERN offices as well as shops and food
plazas and a cinema. The piazzas and
the area surrounding the cinema are
the main activity nodes.
LANDSCAPING Hardscape is in much larger
proportion as compared to Softscape.
Planters have been provided at
frequent intervals but are poorly
maintained and used for lettering.
Street furniture is lacking. Adequate
lighting.
BARRIER FREE Ramps are not provided in the center
ENVIRONMENT for mobility disabled
|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
CASE STUDY, SAKET
DISTRICT CENTER
The piazzas and the area
surrounding the mall are the
main activity nodes.
Landscape is given due
importance. Trees along
pedestrian and roads.
Green pockets in central piazza
.built in furniture is provided
Ramps are provided at every
level difference
CASE STUDY
CRITICALANALYSIS
Recreational areas and
shopping plazas are the
main activity centers and
should be spread evenly
all over the site.
Landscaping should be
soft whenever possible to
minimize heat gains.
Street fixtures and
furniture are very
important components of
a lively complex.
Barrier free norms are
mandatory in building
design.
67
 SYNOPSIS
SITE BRIEF

The main approach road to the site crosses Bhagatanwala railway line.
Approach road is 5.5m wide with on one side of mandi shops and on other side commercial shops cum private
The road ahead goes to MULLE CHAK VILLAGE AREA .

PUNJAB AMRITSAR

To MullechakGRAIN MARKET
GRAIN MARKET
village WALLED CITY

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 68

 SYNOPSIS
SITE BRIEF
LOCATION ;- Grain market, Bhagatanwala gate, Amritsar
SITE AREA:-90acres
TERRAIN:- The site has relatively flat topography. The type
of soil found in the area is coarse or sandy loam.
Flat topography of site Featuring godowns
CLIMATE:-Site experiences extreme weather conditions
N
from 45 c in summer to 1 c in winter.

W E

RAINFALL:-Average rainfall received during each year is 114 cm.

S
ADJACENT LAND USE:- agricultural and residential.
WIND DIRECTION:- Prevailing wind direction is North West to South East with velocity of
16-18 mph.

HUMIDITY:- minimum humidity during last year is 56.28% where as maximum is 81.50%
SITE FEATURES :- the grain godowns and the shops of godown holders

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 69

 SYNOPSIS
SITE CONTEX
OPPORTUNITIES
Well connected with public transport there is a
opportunity to create universal and culturally
rich commercial and public place

Location
Near main commercial hub of the city i.e.
walled city and adjoining residential area
Approach
Connected to major transport road and
proximity to bhagtavala railway line
THREATS
1) citys main sewerage drain near the site
.

approach road 6m wide Govt . godowns Adjoining Railway track

Water tank near sheds

SITE SECTIONS

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 70

 AREASTATEMENT
AREASTATEMENT
AREAOF THE SITE = 90 ACRE
AREA FOR DEVELOPMENT = 90 ACRE =364217.4SQ M
Acc. To MC BYE LAWS
FAR allowed 1.75 Ground coverage -40% ECS =2 PER 100 SQM

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL AREA

COMPONENTS PUDA DERIVED NO. OF TOTALAREA
(Area in acres) (area in acres) UNITS (INACRE)

Hotel 2.2 1.5 1 1.5

Restaurant 0.8 0.8 4 3.2
Banks .50 0.50 3 1.5
Malls and multiplex 1-1.25 1.25 3 3.75
Large/ S.C.O - 100 3.0
Medium shops - 250 2.5
Shops

Small shops - 150 0.5

Booths - 50 0.1
Local govt. Offices/ administrative 3-4 4 - 4
Weekly market/ exhibition hall 5-10 3 +2 - 5

Total 24.65 acres

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 71

 AREASTATEMENT
AREASTATEMENT
Public/ semi public

Components PUDA Derived No. Of units Total area

(Area in acres) (Area in acres) (In acre)

Community hall 0.5-1 1 1 1

Auditorium 1.2 1.2 1 1.2

Library 0.8 0.8 1 0.8

Post office 0.5-0.8 0.8 1 0.5

Police post 1 0.5 1 0.5

Fire station - 0.5 1 0.5

Electric sub station 0.5- 1 0.5 1 0.5

Public toilets 0.008 .008 12 0.096

Petrol pump 0.5-1 0.5 1 0.5

Museum 1-2 2 1 2

TOTAL= 7ACRE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 72

 AREASTATEMENT
AREASTATEMENT

OPEN SPACES

Components PUDA Derived No. Of Total area

(Area in acres) (Area in acres) units (In acre)

District park 5-10 10 1 10

Other parks 0.5-1 0.5 6 3

LAND USE % AREA (ACRE )

Commercial 27 24.65

Public/semi public 8 7
Circulation 25 22.5
Parks / open spaces 15 13.5
Parking 25 22.5
Total 100 90

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 73

 DESIGN CRITERIA
While designing the district center following factors will be taken into consideration
TO DESIGN A CENTER RICH IN RHYTHM WITH MODERN
Center will reflect the introvert character
in some area, hence giving importance to
the pedestrian areas. Variety of spaces
showing transition from narrow spaces to
open spaces.
CREATING VISUAL CONTINUITY AND CONNECTIVITY IN SPACES.
Visual continuity and connectivity would be created in spaces, at the same time it will give a public the sense of direction

SEGREGATION OF VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

Peripheral vehicular movement would be encouraged to reduce the
pollution and disturbance to the inner belt of center
Buffer through landscape between commercial and parking areas .
It blocks the smoke omitted by vehicles from entering the interiors.
Landscaped pedestrian piazza with visual parameters and space along with design elements of urban plaza to include in design.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 74

 DESIGN CRITERIA
WOMEN SAFETY
Easy movement within the location. General visibility of the entire space, , free from hiding places where a person could wait
unseen

Includes mixed uses many places to hangout, walk, play, eat, exercise, etc. for diverse user groups at different times of day
Concept of pink parking- parking provided for females to increase safety

ZONING
While designing the complex zoning will be taken into account so as to segregate the contrasting combination of two
activities. design separately both silent and noisy zones.

ORIENTATION
It is most important point to be kept in mind while designing district center. the orientation will be worked while designing the
building with respect to their use

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 75